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Table 3 Multi-exposure model for psychological distress

From: Association between urban environment and mental health in Brussels, Belgium

GHQ-4

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Factor

OR (95% IC)

p

OR (95% IC)

p

OR (95% IC)

p

OR (95% IC)

p

BC (1 μg/m3 increase)

0.86 [0.61–1.22]

0.40

0.97 [0.69–1.38]

0.87

0.95 [0.65–1.39]

0.78

0.96 [0.64–1.43]

0.84

Veg. coverage-1 km buffer (25% increase)

0.85 [0.64–1.14]

0.29

1.05 [0.78–1.40]

0.75

1.06 [0.78–1.44]

0.70

1.03 [0.75–1.41]

0.86

View of green (10 units increase)

1.03 [0.84–1.25]

0.77

1.03 [0.84–1.26]

0.78

0.95 [0.85–1.28]

0.64

1.06 [0.87–1.30]

0.57

Density of tree (25 trees/100 m increase)

1.07 [0.72–1.60]

0.73

1.12 [0.74–1.67]

0.60

1.07 [0.96–1.06]

0.74

1.06 [0.70–1.59]

0.79

Noise from multi. Source Lden (1 dB increase)

1.01 [0.98–1.04]

0.50

1.01 [0.98–1.04]

0.46

1.01 [0.98–1.04]

0.52

1.01 [0.98–1.05]

0.35

Canyon effect (1 unit increase)

1.20 [0.80–1.80]

0.38

1.29 [0.83–2.01]

0.26

1.42 [0.91–2.23]

0.12

1.32 [0.84–2.06]

0.23

Corridor effect (1 unit increase)

0.96 [0.66–1.41]

0.85

1.04 [0.70–1.55]

0.84

1.03 [0.00-1.53]

0.86

1.10 [0.74–1.63]

0.62

Social support (Poor vs strong)

    

2.13 [1.44–3.13]

< 0.001

1.94 [1.29–2.92]

< 0.001

Physical activity (Minimal active vs inactive)

    

1.07 [0.74–1.55]

0.70

1.13 [0.77–1.66]

0.52

 Enough active vs inactive

    

0.48 [0.30–0.79]

< 0.001

0.55 [0.34–0.88]

0.01

Chronic condition (Yes vs no)

      

2.38 [1.67–3.39]

< 0.001

  1. Notes: Models 2,3, 4 were adjusted for sex, age, family composition, reported household income, highest household educational level and year. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for physical activity and social support. Model 4 was additionally adjusted for chronic condition