Skip to main content

Table 2 Proportion and odds ratios of factors for recent HIV infection among newly-diagnosed HIV-positive individuals included in the RITA study, 2013–2017

From: Epidemiological factors associated with recent HIV infection among newly-diagnosed cases in Singapore, 2013–2017

Characteristic

% of RHI

Univariable model

Multivariable modelb

cOR

(95% CI)

P value

aOR

(95% CI)

P value

Age at diagnosis (years)

 15–24

35.4

7.47

(3.26–17.15)

< 0.0005

4.18

(1.69–10.31)

0.002

 25–34

21.5

3.73

(1.68–8.30)

0.001

2.19

(0.93–5.16)

0.073

 35–44

19.1

3.22

(1.42–7.31)

0.005

2.01

(0.84–4.77)

0.115

 45–54

14.5

2.31

(0.98–5.42)

0.055

1.83

(0.76–4.40)

0.176

  ≥ 55

6.8

1.00

Referent

 

1.00

Referent

 

Gender

 Male

19.1

1.15

(0.50–2.64)

0.749

   

 Female

17.1

1.00

Referent

    

Ethnic group

 Chinese

19.2

1.00

Referent

    

 Malay

16.3

0.82

(0.49–1.36)

0.440

   

 Indian & others

23.0

1.25

(0.66–2.37)

0.488

   

Marital status

 Never married

8.2

1.00

Referent

    

 Married

11.2

0.46

(0.26–0.83)

0.009

   

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

24.1

0.11

(0.03–0.44)

0.002

   

Educational levela

 No formal/Primary

11.1

1.00

Referent

    

 Secondary

26.1

2.82

(0.83–9.66)

0.098

   

 Post-secondary

17.7

1.72

(0.60–4.99)

0.315

   

 Tertiary

25.8

2.79

(0.89–8.74)

0.079

   

Occupational typea

 Professional/executive

20.2

1.00

Referent

    

 Administrative/service-oriented

19.5

0.96

(0.58–1.59)

0.867

   

 Blue-collar worker

12.3

0.55

(0.27–1.14)

0.109

   

 Unemployed & others

22.0

1.12

(0.61–2.04)

0.711

   

Year of HIV diagnosis

 2013–2014

10.3

1.00

Referent

 

1.00

Referent

 

 2015

24.1

2.76

(1.49–5.11)

0.001

2.36

(1.25–4.46)

0.008

 2016

18.2

1.94

(1.05–3.57)

0.033

1.69

(0.89–3.20)

0.107

 2017

23.7

2.71

(1.45–5.05)

0.002

2.52

(1.32–4.80)

0.005

Reason for HIV testing

 Medical care

10.1

1.00

Referent

 

1.00

Referent

 

 Voluntary testing

27.6

3.39

(2.00–5.73)

< 0.0005

1.91

(1.07–3.43)

0.029

 Routine programmatic screeningc

22.9

2.64

(1.59–4.37)

< 0.0005

1.62

(0.93–2.83)

0.090

 Others

20.8

2.34

(1.05–5.22)

0.038

1.79

(0.77–4.16)

0.174

Mode of HIV transmissiona

 Heterosexual

11.9

1.00

Referent

    

 Homosexual/bisexual

23.2

2.24

(1.45–3.46)

< 0.0005

   

 IDU & others

25.0

2.47

(0.25–24.52)

0.439

   

Ever tested for HIV prior to positive diagnosisa

 Yes

24.9

2.69

(1.75–4.12)

< 0.0005

1.72

(1.06–2.81)

0.028

 No

11.0

1.00

Referent

 

1.00

Referent

 

Type of sexual partnersa

 Regular only

17.5

1.00

Referent

    

 Regular and casual only

21.5

1.30

(0.65–2.57)

0.461

   

 Sex workers & social escorts

12.7

0.69

(0.31–1.52)

0.355

   
  1. cOR Crude odds ratio; aOR Adjusted odds ratio
  2. RHI Recent HIV infection, RITA Recent infection testing algorithm; IDU Intravenous drug use
  3. a Missing data were imputed
  4. b Variables in the final multivariable logistic regression model were age at HIV diagnosis, year of HIV diagnosis, mode of detection, and whether the person had previous HIV test(s). Significant associations in the multivariable model were highlighted in bold
  5. c Routine programmatic HIV screening includes screening programmes for persons with sexually transmitted infections, hospital inpatients and those identified through contact tracing
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us