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Table 3 Individual-, social-, and structural-level barriers to ART (N = 512)

From: Stopping, starting, and sustaining HIV antiretroviral therapy: a mixed-methods exploration among African American/Black and Latino long-term survivors of HIV in an urban context

 

Mean (SD) or %

Individual-level factors

 ACES-R score (range 0–14)

4.4 (4.2)

 Motivation to start taking ART or significantly increase how often you take ART (range 0–10)

6.0 (3.3)

 Motivation to attend HIV medical care appointments on recommended schedule, (range 0–10)

6. 9 (3.1)

Substance use

 Alcohol use at a moderate-to-high-risk level

45.5

 Cannabis use at a moderate-to-high-risk level

62.7

 Use of other drugs at a moderate-to-high-risk level

69.9

 Never injected drugs

78.5

 Injection drug use lifetime, but not in the past 3 months

12.7

 Injection drug use in the past 3 months

8.8

 Participated in substance use treatment in the past

72.3

Social-level factors

 Current social support (range 13–65)

35.9 (14.8)

 Number of people known living with HIV, Median [Q1, Q3]

20.0 [10.0, 75.0]

 HIV medication stigma (range 3–9)

5.4 (2.2)

 HIV care stigma (range 3–9)

4.9 (2.1)

Structural-level factors

 Ever homeless

89.5

 Perceived structural barriers to HIV care (range 0–10)

1.4 (2.2)

Outcome variables

 Times started ART in the past, range 0–300 times, Median [Q1, Q3]

5 [3, 10]

 Longest duration of sustained ART, in months, range 0–297 months, Median [Q1, Q3]

18 [6, 36]