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Table 5 Multiple linear regression for demographic, predisposing, pre-motivational, motivational factors predicting hand hygiene behaviour

From: Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students

 

Model 1: Sociodemographic

Model 2: Socio-demographic, predisposing, and pre-motivational

Model 3: Socio-demographic, predisposing, pre-motivational and motivational

Standardized Coefficients

p

Standardized Coefficients

p

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

p a

Beta

Beta

B (SE)

Beta (95% BCa CI) a

(Constant)

 

< 0.001

 

0.954

−0.1 (0.52)

  

Socio-demographic

 Gender (Female/Male)

−0.23

< 0.001

−0.09

0.055

−0.13 (0.07)

− 0.09 (− 0.2, 0.01)

0.068

 Age

0.02

0.801

−0.04

0.430

−0.004 (0.01)

−0.04 (− 0.15, 0.07)

0.474

 Student Status (UK/International)

−0.09

0.143

−0.01

0.803

−0.01 (0.1)

− 0.01 (− 0.1, 0.08)

0.880

 Health Course

− 0.01

0.824

0.00

0.987

−0.005 (0.08)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.944

 Ethnicity (Minorities/White)

−0.17

0.007

−0.13

0.009

−0.22 (0.08)

−0.13 (− 0.24, − 0.02)

0.014

 Infection exposure

0.08

0.191

0.01

0.818

0.01 (0.07)

0.01 (−0.1, 0.12)

0.896

Predisposing factors

 Habit

  

0.40

< 0.001

0.31 (0.05)

0.39 (0.26, 0.51)

0.001

 Time factors

  

0.28

< 0.001

0.28 (0.07)

0.28 (0.14, 0.42)

0.001

Pre-motivational factors

 Disease knowledge

  

0.00

0.941

0.004 (0.04)

0 (−0.09, 0.11)

0.930

 Hand hygiene effectiveness knowledge

  

−0.07

0.146

−0.06 (0.05)

− 0.07 (− 0.16, 0.03)

0.133

 Risk perception

  

0.14

0.003

0.06 (0.02)

0.13 (0.02, 0.24)

0.016

Motivational factors

 Self-efficacy- infection avoidance

    

−0.01 (0.02)

−0.02 (− 0.13, 0.08)

0.722

 Attitude

    

−0.02 (0.04)

− 0.04 (− 0.16, 0.11)

0.562

 Self-efficacy - hand hygiene

    

0.04 (0.07)

0.03 (−0.09, 0.14)

0.633

  1. Abbreviations: BCa CI Bias corrected accelerated confidence intervals, SE standard error. Bold: significance p < 0.05
  2. a Model 3 was calculated using 1000 bootstrap samples for robustness, for 95% BCa CI and p values
  3. Model 1: R2 = 0.082, adjusted R2 = 0.061; Model 2: R2 = 0.452, adjusted R2 = 0.429, R2 p < 0.001; Model 3: R2 = 0.453, adjusted R2 = 0.423, R2 p = 0.866