Table 3 Impact of the multimodal exercise programs on agility and dual-task performance
|  |  | Baseline (A) (Mean ± SD) | Post-intervention (B) (Mean ± SD) | Follow-up (C) (Mean ± SD) | P-value | Pairwise Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility | ||||||
 TUG (s) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | A > B; B < C |
|  | EG2 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 0.003 | A > B; B < C |
|  | CG | 7.0 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 0.021 | A < C |
CogTUG | ||||||
 Time (s) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 10.2 ± 2.9 | 9.1 ± 2.3 | 10.1 ± 2.8 | 0.001 | A > B; B < C |
|  | EG2 | 10.1 ± 2.5 | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 10.6 ± 2.7 | 0.015 | B < C |
|  | CG | 9.5 ± 3.1 | 10.2 ± 3.3 | 10.7 ± 3.4 | 0.692 | – |
 Cognitive errors (n) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 0.262 | – |
|  | EG2 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.012 | B < C |
|  | CG | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.682 | – |
 Cognitive stops (n) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.020 | – |
|  | EG2 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | <  0.001 | A > B |
|  | CG | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.148 | – |
 Motor Stops (n) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.819 | – |
|  | EG2 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.074 | – |
|  | CG | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.651 | – |
 Final number (n) | ||||||
|  | EG1 | 88.9 ± 2.4 | 88.6 ± 2.9 | 88.4 ± 2.8 | 0.328 | – |
|  | EG2 | 88.6 ± 2.3 | 88.0 ± 2.8 | 88.1 ± 3.5 | 0.346 | – |
|  | CG | 88.6 ± 2.8 | 88.4 ± 2.7 | 88.1 ± 2.7 | 0.302 | – |