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Table 3 Association between characteristics of the population and heart failure (HF) in men and women. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)

From: Sex differences in factors associated with heart failure and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction: a cross-sectional population-based study

 

Men

Women

Age adjusted OR

95% CI

Fully adjusted OR

95% CI

Age adjusted OR

95% CI

Fully adjusted OR

95% CI

Age (1 year increase)

1.15

1.09

1.20

1.14

1.07

1.21

1.08

1.02

1.14

1.09

1.03

1.16

Education level

 Junior High vs. Primary School

0.85

0.42

1.73

1.01

0.48

2.15

1.09

0.53

2.22

1.27

0.59

2.73

  > = High vs. Primary School

0.63

0.35

1.14

0.71

0.38

1.33

0.81

0.41

1.58

1.03

0.49

2.18

Smoking habit (Ever vs. Never)

2.31

1.15

4.64

2.04

0.97

4.31

1.62

0.91

2.88

2.02

1.08

3.79

Alcohol consumption (Yes vs. No)

0.63

0.37

1.08

0.64

0.36

1.13

1.53

0.87

2.70

1.98

1.07

3.69

Physical activity

 Occasionally vs. No

1.13

0.60

2.11

1.12

0.57

2.18

0.51

0.21

1.23

0.49

0.19

1.23

 Daily vs. No

0.74

0.37

1.47

0.76

0.37

1.56

0.58

0.24

1.41

0.54

0.21

1.39

BMI

 25–29.9 vs. < 25

1.35

0.75

2.44

1.93

0.82

4.50

3.29

1.56

6.92

3.47

1.52

7.92

 30+ vs. < 25

1.58

0.74

3.39

1.49

0.78

2.84

2.08

1.04

4.16

2.12

1.01

4.45

Dyslipidemia (Yes vs. No)

0.72

0.41

1.28

0.47

0.25

0.90

1.07

0.61

1.88

1.02

0.55

1.90

Diabetes (Yes vs. No)

1.52

0.85

2.71

1.28

0.68

2.41

1.02

0.45

2.32

0.74

0.30

1.85

Hypertension (Yes vs. No)

1.88

1.05

3.36

1.83

0.97

3.44

3.27

1.57

6.83

2.68

1.23

5.82

Family history of CVD (Yes vs. No)

1.91

1.03

3.52

1.33

0.68

2.63

1.70

0.94

3.10

1.61

0.84

3.09

Ischemic heart diseasea (Yes vs. No)

4.21

2.47

7.18

4.43

2.40

8.19

2.13

0.95

4.79

2.27

0.88

5.85

Atrial fibrillation (Yes vs. No)

2.32

1.14

4.71

1.24

0.56

2.73

2.73

1.21

6.18

2.81

1.15

6.89

Other cardiovascular diseaseb (Yes vs. No)

1.47

0.62

3.50

0.92

0.35

2.41

0.88

0.26

2.95

0.44

0.11

1.80

Other conditionsc

 1–2 vs. 0

1.41

0.81

2.44

1.25

0.69

2.25

1.55

0.85

2.84

1.67

0.86

3.23

 3+ vs. 0

2.50

1.09

5.75

2.81

1.15

6.89

0.90

0.29

2.73

0.91

0.28

2.94

Creatinine (1 mg/dl increase)

1.91

0.86

4.25

0.80

0.30

2.14

2.11

0.83

5.34

1.25

0.39

3.95

  1. aEither angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction, or revascularization procedures; b Either peripheral vascular disease or valve disease; c Number of other conditions among stroke, TIA, COPD, liver disease, thyroid disorders, blood disease, gastric disorders, renal disease, Parkinson’s disease, other disease of CNS, and cancer. Fully adjusted ORs are adjusted for all the variables in the table
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