Skip to main content

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the two outcomes: late treatment initiation and treatment initiation with advanced disease

From: Late initiation of antiretroviral therapy: inequalities by educational level despite universal access to care and treatment

  

Late treatment initiation

Treatment initiation with advanced disease

 

Total

No

Yes

Odds Ratio (95%CI)

No

Yes

Odds Ratio (95%CI)

Total

3226

1150 (35.6)

2076 (64.4)

 

1803 (55.9)

1423 (44.1)

 

Exposure of interest

Educational level

 Tertiary

525 (16.4)

242 (46.1)

283 (53.9)

Ref.

366 (69.7)

159 (30.3)

Ref.

 Secondary

1251 (39.2)

480 (38.4)

771 (61.6)

1.35 (1.09–1.67)

751 (60)

500 (40)

1.51 (1.21–1.88)

 Basic

540 (16.9)

163 (30.2)

377 (69.8)

1.61 (1.23–2.1)

268 (49.6)

272 (50.4)

2.07 (1.59–2.71)

 Incomplete basic

876 (27.4)

249 (28.4)

627 (71.6)

1.89 (1.47–2.43)

399 (45.5)

477 (54.5)

2.53 (1.97–3.26)

Covariates

Age at treatment initiation

 Median (IQR)

36.6 (30.8,44.5)

35.5 (29.9,44)

37.2 (31.3,44.7)

35.5 (30.1,43.5)

38 (31.7,45.2)

Gender/Sexual orientationa

 Cis women

938 (29.1)

349 (37.2)

589 (62.8)

Ref.

559 (59.6)

379 (40.4)

Ref.

 Cis MSM

1205 (37.4)

479 (39.8)

726 (60.2)

1.23 (1.01–1.49)

740 (61.4)

465 (38.6)

1.28 (1.06–1.55)

 Cis heterosexual men

772 (23.9)

196 (25.4)

576 (74.6)

1.76 (1.42–2.18)

35 (43.4)

437 (56.6)

1.96 (1.61–2.39)

 Cis men (unknown exposure)

311 (9.6)

126 (40.5)

185 (59.5)

1.18 (0.9–1.56)

169 (54.3)

142 (45.7)

1.62 (1.24–2.12)

Skin color/race

 White

1378 (43.3)

517 (37.5)

861 (62.5)

Ref.

816 (59.2)

562 (40.8)

Ref.

 Black

697 (21.9)

217 (31.1)

480 (68.9)

1.34 (1.09–1.65)

347 (49.8)

350 (50.2)

1.34 (1.1–1.63)

 Mixed (pardo)

1109 (34.8)

404 (36.4)

(63.6)

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

622 (56.1)

487 (43.9)

1.06 (0.9–1.26)

State of origin

 Rio de Janeiro

2511 (79.6)

914 (36.4)

1597 (63.6)

Ref.

1418 (56.5)

1093 (43.5)

Ref.

 Other

645 (20.4)

212 (32.9)

433 (67.1)

1.07 (0.88–1.3)

347 (53.8)

298 (46.2)

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

Year of treatment initiation

 Median (IQR)

2011 (2008,2014)

2013 (2010,2015)

2011 (2008,2013)

0.86 (0.83–0.88)

2012 (2009,2014)

2011 (2008,2014)

0.94 (0.91–0.97)

  1. MSM men who have sex with men, RJ Rio de Janeiro State, ART antiretroviral treatment, CI confidence interval
  2. a The gender/sexual orientation variable combines information of a person’s gender identity and sexual orientation as it pertains to the probable mode of HIV acquisition thus categorizing the study population into cis-women, cis-men who have sex with men, heterosexual cis-men and other cis-men for whom their mode of HIV acquisition is unknown