Table 1 Association between multimorbidity and disability, work productivity and social participation
| Â | Disability | Work productivity | Social participation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulties in IADLs (n = 11,116) AOR (95% CI) | Difficulties in ADLs (n = 11,162) AOR (95% CI) | Early retirement (n = 5261) AOR (95% CI) | Number of days of sick leave (n = 4141) mean (95% CI) | Social participation (n = 3301) AOR (95% CI) | |
Number of physical NCDs | 1.27 (1.22, 1.32) | 1.39 (1.33, 1.45) | 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) | 1.25 (1.16, 1.35) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) |
Depression | 3.59 (3.16, 4.07) | 3.78 (3.30, 4.34) | 1.24 (0.97, 1.58) | 2.18 (1.72, 2.77) | 0.57 (0.47, 0.70) |
2015 | 1.21 (1.08, 1.35) | 1.46 (1.29, 1.66) | 1.58 (1.28, 1.96) | 1.07 (0.85, 1.35) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) |
Age group (ref: 45–54) | |||||
 Age 55–64 | 1.43 (1.21, 1.69) | 1.67 (1.39, 2.02) | 1.96 (1.54, 2.49) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.24) |
 Age 65–74 | 2.21 (1.82, 2.67) | 2.49 (2.02, 3.08) |  |  | 0.94 (0.68, 1.29) |
 Age 75+ | 4.08 (3.14, 5.30) | 3.85 (2.89, 5.12) |  |  | 0.66 (0.45, 0.97) |
Female gender | 1.46 (1.27, 1.67) | 1.19 (1.02, 1.38) | 4.60 (3.39, 6.26) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.32) |
Married | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.59, 1.58) | 1.36 (0.85, 2.19) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) |
Agricultural hukou | 1.09 (0.91, 1.32) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.44) | 0.32 (0.23, 0.45) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.92) | 0.48 (0.37, 0.62) |
Rural residency | 1.41 (1.21, 1.63) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.44) | 0.24 (0.18, 0.33) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.63) | 1.19 (0.95, 1.50) |
Region (ref:east China) | |||||
 Middle China | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) | 1.88 (1.57, 2.25) | 0.81 (0.59, 1.12) | 1.11 (0.84, 1.48) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.20) |
 West China | 1.12 (0.95, 1.32) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.37) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.81) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.55) | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86) |
 Northeast China | 1.78 (1.37, 2.31) | 1.73 (1.30, 2.32) | 1.11 (0.66, 1.86) | 1.35 (0.82, 2.24) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.10) |
Family size (ref: 1, 2 members) | |||||
 3–4 members | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.33) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.18) |
 4+ members | 1.22 (1.04, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 1.51 (1.09, 2.10) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.46) | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) |
Education level (ref:illiterate) | |||||
 Primary | 0.60 (0.51, 0.71) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.90) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.19) | 0.79 (0.58, 1.07) | 1.27 (0.98, 1.65) |
 Secondary | 0.48 (0.39, 0.58) | 0.61 (0.49, 0.75) | 1.20 (0.86, 1.69) | 0.79 (0.59, 1.08) | 1.40 (1.04, 1.87) |
 Tertiary | 0.38 (0.28, 0.52) | 0.43 (0.31, 0.60) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.36) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.12) | 2.79 (1.84, 4.25) |
HH consumption per capita (ref:Q1) | |||||
 Q2 | 1.05 (0.89, 1.22) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.18) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.54) |
 Q3 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.06) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) | 1.09 (0.83, 1.42) |
 Q4 (richest) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 1.68 (1.21, 2.34) | 1.49 (1.07, 2.07) | 1.30 (0.99, 1.70) |
Work type (ref:farming) | |||||
 Formally Employed |  |  |  | 0.32 (0.23, 0.44) |  |
 Self-employed |  |  |  | 0.65 (0.43, 0.99) |  |
 Family business |  |  |  | 1.30 (0.63, 2.70) |  |