Table 3 Final regression models for the selected health outcomes, according to partial and general models (fixed effect models)

Physical / financial resources

Per capita health expenditure

Compulsory social insurance

Private health insurance

(R² = 38.79%; p < 0.0001; n = 186)

Per capita health expenditure (−)

Direct disbursements (OOP expenses)

(^R2 = 32.54%; p < 0.0001; n = 188)

Health Production

Tuberculosis treatment

Pneumonia (care seeking) *

HIV incidence (−)

(R² = 44.29%; p < 0.0001; n = 99)

Diarrhea (care seeking) -

Birth performed by skilled personnel (−)

HIV incidence

(R² = 36.42%; p < 0.0001; n = 87)

Governance environment

Education

Inequity (−)

Rule of law

(R² = 70.51%; p < 0.0001; n = 162)

Education (−)

Inequity

(R² = 75.59%; p < 0.0001; n = 162)

Health and environmental risks

Basic sanitation

Malnutrition (−)

(R² = 64.55%; p < 0.0001; n = 139)

Basic sanitation (−)

Diabetes Mellitus prevalence (−)

Malnutrition

(R² = 43.91%; p < 0.0001; n = 139)

General - all dimensions

Per capita health expenditure

Inequity (−)

(R² = 71.31%;

p < 0.0001); n = 161

Diarrhea (care seeking) -

Birth performed by skilled personnel (−)

HIV incidence

Education (−)

(R2 = 67.19%; p < 0.0001; n = 87)