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Table 5 Torturing Environment Blocks by security forces involved in detention (n = 158)

From: Beyond torture checklists: an exploratory study of the reliability and construct validity of the Torturing Environment Scale (TES)

Blocks median (IQR)

Civil Guard

National Police

Ertzaintza

Test statistic

Epsilon-squared estimate

Context Manipulation

8 (5–10)a

6 (4–8)a

7 (5–9)

7.994*

0.051

Threats-Fear

8 (5–10) a, b

6 (5–8) a

5 (3–8) b

9.789**

0.062

Pain

8 (6–12) a

6 (4–8)

4 (2–6) a

10.797**

0.069

Extreme Pain

0 (0–3) a, b

0 (0–0) a

0 (0–0) b

13.676**

0.087

Sexual integrity

2 (0–8)

0 (0–4)

0 (0–4)

5.518

0.035

Need to belong

4 (4–6)

4 (4–4)

4 (4–4)

1.081

0.007

Identity, Meaning

4 (3–7)

5 (3–7)

4 (2–7)

0.703

0.004

Coercive Interrogation

10 (6–12)

10 (6–12)

10 (8–12)

1.820

0.012

PPT-Manipulation

5 (3.5–6) a

4 (3–5) a

4.5 (3–5.5)

8.146*

0.052

PPT-Physical

3 (2–4.5) a, b

2.3 (1.8–3) a

15 (0.5–2.25)b

18.743**

0.119

PPT-Psychological

4 (2.9–5.1)

4 (2.6–4.6)

3.9 (2.4–4.4)

2.036

0.013

  1. The superscript letters are the same in those groups between which there are differences. In the Threats-Fear variable, the differences between groups have a p-value at the limit of statistical significance. *p-value< 0.05, **p < 0.01