Table 1 Sample items of research variables

 Non-adherence

In the past 2 weeks, how many times have you gone out for groceries and come within two metres (approx. 3 steps) of someone (e.g. cashier, other shoppers) you don’t live with?

 Intentional non-adherence (unpermitted meeting of others)

In the past 2 weeks, how many times have you broken social distancing rules to meet friends that don’t live with you?

 Intentional non-adherence (unpermitted leaving of the house)

In the past 2 weeks, how many times have you gone out for reasons other than to work, to buy groceries, for medical reasons (e.g. to collect a prescription) to enjoy parks or public spaces or to exercise?

 Perceived Susceptibility

There is a good chance that I will get coronavirus (COVID-19)

 Trust in Government

I trust the UK Government in their response to COVID-19

 COVID-19 and Social Distancing Knowledge

Wearing latex gloves is more effective than hand washing at protecting against coronavirus (COVID-19)

 Social Responsibility

Before I act, I think about how my actions might have a negative effect on others

 Self-Interest

I do what I want, regardless of what others want me to do

 Intention to Socially Distance

I will only leave my home for permitted reasons for as long as the lockdown measures are in place

 Control over Leaving the House

During lockdown, I do not need to leave my home if I don’t want to

 Control over Others’ Distancing

When I go out for permitted reasons, I cannot stop others from coming within two metres of me^a

 Control over Responsibilities

I have responsibilities (e.g., work, childcare) for which I cannot avoid coming into contact with others that I do not live with^a

 Family Normative Pressure

My family support staying at home and social distancing

 Friends Normative Pressure

My friends are keen to meet up in person, despite the lockdown^a

 Neighbours Normative Pressure

I see my neighbours keeping social distancing rules when they are out in my street

 Support from a Special Person

During lockdown, there is a special person who is around when I am in need

 Support from Family

During lockdown, my family really tries to help me

 Support from Friends

During lockdown, I can talk about my problems with my friends