Table 1 Description of variables and operational definitions used in the study
Variables | ||
|---|---|---|
Dietary habits: According to study done by Kini S et al [18], type of diet whether vegetarian or a mixed diet was noted. The food items were grouped as follows: | ||
Red meat Fatty food Salty food | Mutton [19], pork and beef Butter and fried items (e.g-fried fishes) Pickle, papad, dried fish, chips (locally available) |
|
Energy rich foods Protective foods | Green leafy vegetables, fruits |
|
The frequency of these food items was asked in last 1 month. By operational definition; frequency of intake of unhealthy food items were categorized as: | ||
Daily or 4–7 times per week 2 -3 times per week Occasionally/less frequently than once a week | score 1 score 3 score 5 | |
Not consuming the item | score 7 | |
Frequency of intake of healthy food were categorized similarly and were reverse scored. | ||
Information about consumption of extra salt (above the table) in the meals and usage of saturated oil (coconut oil, palm oil) while cooking was also taken. | ||
Yes No | Score 1 Score 7 | |
Overall, the scores were summed up and categorized into tertiles as Poor dietary practice (Score 0-33), Satisfactory dietary practice (Score 34- 38) and Good dietary practice (Score>38) for analysis | ||
Sleep Scale from the Medical Outcomes Study: [24] A 12-item screening tool was used to assess quality of sleep. Each negatively worded item (3 and 5 to 11) were rated on a 3-point likert scale with responses 1 to 3 with 3 points for good score, 2 for average and 1 for poor. Positively worded items 4 and 12 were reverse scored in 3-point likert scale. Item 1 was rated on a 5-point likert scale where in response 1 was scored as 3 (good), 2 and 3 were merged and was scored as 2(Average) and response 4 and 5 were scored as 1(Poor). Item 2 was an open-ended question wherein hours of sleep each night in last 1 week was asked and response of 7-8 hours of sleep was scored as 3 and anything < 7 hours or > 8 hours was scored as 1(poor). Subsequently, mean of all 12 items were taken and classified into 3 categories: | ||
Poor Average Good | Score 1-1.67 Score 1.67-2.34 Score 2.34-3 | |
Substance use :[25] | Never-substance user: A person who had never used any tobacco (smoking/ smokeless form) and alcohol anytime in life. Ever-Substance user: A person who has consumed either tobacco (smoking / smokeless form) or alcohol, currently or anytime in the past. Current substance user: Consuming any kind of the substance (tobacco and/or alcohol) in past one year. Past substance user: Quit tobacco or alcohol consumption for more than one year and has not used since then. | |
Tobacco and Alcohol use: | These were defined in line with substance use [25] | |
Lipid Profile: | Unfavourable: If anyone or all of the parameter/s is deranged. Favourable: If all the parameters are within the specified range. Biological reference interval of parameters: (As per ATP III guidelines) [17] 1. Total Cholesterol-140-200mg/dl; 2. Triglycerides-60-150mg/dl 3. HDL Cholesterol-40-60mg/dl 4. LDL Cholesterol-50-130 mg/dl | |
