Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants according to bodyweight status. (NHANES 2015–2016 cycle)

From: The association between sleep duration and excess body weight of the American adult population: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey 2015–2016

 

Total (n = 2495)

Weight Groupsa

Pb

Normal weight

(n = 751)

Overweight (n = 823)

Obese (n = 921)

Age (years), M (Q1, Q3)c

44.00(31.00–58.00)

41.00(27.00–54.00)

45.00(31.00–59.00)

44.00(32.00–58.00)

< 0.001

Average sleep time (hours), Mean ± SDf

7.74 ± 1.24

7.84 ± 1.15

7.72 ± 1.38

7.57 ± 1.48

< 0.001

Sleep duration groupsg, n (%)

< 0.001

 Short-sleep

513(20.56)

110(11.61)

174(19.90)

229(19.36)

 

 Normal-sleep

1615(64.73)

526(78.15)

523(66.61)

566(67.86)

 

 Long-sleep

367(14.71)

115(10.24)

126(13.49)

126(12.77)

 

Sex, n (%)d

< 0.001

 Male

1244(49.86)

361(43.25)

474(56.31)

409(48.04)

 

 Female

1251(50.14)

390(56.75)

349(43.69)

512(51.96)

 

Ethnicity, n (%)

< 0.001

 Hispanic

683(27.37)

123(8.14)

257(14.67)

303(16.46)

 

 Non-Hispanic White

858(34.39)

283(70.37)

290(68.15)

285(63.35)

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

523(20.96)

126(8.34)

146(8.54)

251(13.98)

 

 Non-Hispanic Asian

337(13.51)

197(10.65)

102(5.29)

38(2.03)

 

 Non-Hispanic Others

94(3.77)

22(2.50)

28(3.35)

44(4.18)

 

Marital status, n (%)

< 0.001

 Never married

517(20.72)

211(24.96)

141(15.06)

165(14.75)

 

 Married/Living with Partner

1578(63.25)

448(66.43)

543(70.67)

587(69.91)

 

 Divorced/Separated

281(11.26)

56(5.19)

98(10.61)

127(11.86)

 

 Widowed

119(4.77)

36(3.42)

41(3.66)

42(3.48)

 

Education level, n (%)

< 0.001

 Less than High School

406(16.27)

103(6.81)

144(9.28)

159(9.40)

 

 High school

484(19.40)

125(12.62)

166(18.45)

193(20.20)

 

 Some college

776(31.10)

206(28.20)

228(28.70)

342(38.72)

 

 College graduate or above

829(33.23)

317(52.37)

285(43.58)

227(31.69)

 

Total number of people in the family, n (%)

0.003

 1

541(21.68)

193(26.13)

181(22.34)

167(18.19)

 

 2–3

982(39.36)

292(42.71)

335(47.98)

355(42.62)

 

  ≥ 4

972(38.96)

266(31.17)

307(29.68)

399(39.19)

 

Number of children aged ≤ 5 years, n(%)

0.002

 0

1947(78.04)

608(83.83)

660(84.36)

679(76.64)

 

 1–2

524(21.00)

140(15.90)

156(15.11)

228(22.22)

 

  ≥ 3

24(0.96)

3(0.27)

7(0.53)

14(1.14)

 

Number of children aged 6–17 years, n(%)

0.184

 0

1619(64.89)

516(72.58)

537(70.75)

566(67.12)

 

 1–2

719(28.82)

199(23.20)

235(25.39)

285(26.83)

 

  ≥ 3

157(6.29)

36(4.22)

51(3.86)

70(6.05)

 

PIRe, n (%)

0.280

  < 1.56

831(33.31)

227(19.16)

268(19.65)

336(23.43)

 

 3.61–4.56

828(33.19)

251(31.89)

277(30.86)

300(28.74)

 

  ≥ 4.56-

836(33.51)

273(48.96)

278(49.49)

285(47.83)

 

Daytime sleepiness, n (%)

0.016

 Never

456(18.28)

175(16.93)

160(13.19)

121(10.60)

 

 1 time a month

605(24.25)

196(27.76)

179(22.32)

230(23.00)

 

 2–4 times a month

872(34.95)

237(33.49)

299(39.75)

336(39.64)

 

 5–15 times a month

409(16.39)

110(16.62)

140(19.89)

159(19.23)

 

 16–30 times a month

153(6.13)

33(5.20)

45(4.85)

75(7.53)

 

Trouble sleep, n(%)

0.349

 No

1888(75.67)

596(73.63)

638(73.76)

654(69.89)

 

 Yes

607(24.33)

155(26.37)

185(26.24)

267(30.11)

 
  1. aWeight groups: normal weight group BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight group BMI 24.9–30 kg/m2, and obese group BMI ≥30 kg/m2
  2. bP value Results from Pearson’s chi-square test, t-test and Fisher’s exact test
  3. cM (Q1, Q3) Median (quartile 1, quartile3)
  4. dN% Frequency and percentage of the total
  5. ePIR Poverty income ratio
  6. fMean ± SD mean ± standard deviation
  7. gSleep duration groups were defined as follow: Short-sleep group < 7 h, Normal-sleep group 7–9 h, Long-sleep group > 9 h