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Table 4 Association between gestational age and fat-free mass indicators

From: Prematurity and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 birth cohorts

 

FFM (kg)

%FFM

FFMI (kg/m2)

β (CI95%)

β (CI95%)

β (CI95%)

Gestational age

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Male

6 y (2004 Cohort)

p < 0.001

p = 0.010

p < 0.001

p = 0.008

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

   ≤ 33

−1.6 (− 2.50; − 0.61)

−0.5 (− 1.16; 0.12)

2.7 (0.11; 5.29)

0.7 (− 2.26; 3.67)

− 0.5 (− 0.76; − 0.17)

− 0.5 (− 0.82; − 0.13)

  34 to 36

−0.8 (− 1.29; − 0.37)

− 0.4 (− 0.77; − 0.12)

2.1 (0.89; 3.40)

2.4 (0.87; 3.90)

−0.3 (− 0.42; − 0.14)

−0.3 (− 0.46; − 0.10)

  37 to 41

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18 y (1993 Cohort)

p = 0.192

p = 0.684

p = 0.711

p = 0.454

p = 0.911

p = 0.562

   ≤ 33

−0.7 (−3.30; 1.86)

0.4 (− 1.60; 2.43)

1.2 (− 1.94; 4.26)

1.6 (− 1.59; 4.72)

− 0.05 (− 1.01; 0.90)

−0.4 (− 1.41; 0.54)

  34 to 36

−1.1 (− 2.40; 0.13)

− 0.4 (− 1.41; 0.63)

0.3 (− 1.20; 1.84)

−0.6 (− 2.17; 0.98)

−0.10 (− 0.57; 0.37)

0.1 (− 0.34; 0.63)

  37 to 41

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30 y (1982 Cohort)

p = 0.667

p = 0.451

p = 0.013

p = 0.085

p = 0.669

p = 0.814

   ≤ 33

−3.46 (−11.21; 4.30)

− 2.48 (− 10.95; 5.99)

−13.13 (− 22.03; − 4.24)

−13.52 (− 25.87; − 1.17)

− 0.92 (− 2.93; 1.09)

−1.01 (− 3.77; 1.75)

  34 to 36

0.14 (− 1.24; 1.52)

− 0.69 (− 1.90; 0.51)

0.46 (− 1.12; 2.04)

0.46 (− 1.19; 2.10)

− 0.01 (− 0.37; 0.35)

−0.22 (− 0.62; 0.17)

  37 to 41

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Female

6 y (2004 Cohort)

p = 0.005

p = 0.946

p = 0.001

p = 0.442

p = 0.041

p = 0.180

   ≤ 33

−1.2 (− 2.14; − 0.19)

0.03 (− 0.88; 0.95)

1.5 (− 1.29; 4.27)

0.9 (−3.1; 5.04)

− 0.3 (− 0.57; 0.04)

−0.2 (− 0.71; 0.24)

  34 to 36

− 0.6 (− 1.00; − 0.10)

−0.06 (− 0.42; 0.30)

2.3 (1.03; 3.60)

1.0 (− 0.60; 2.66)

−0.1 (− 0.29; − 0.00)

−0.2 (− 0.34; 0.03)

  37 to 41

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18 y (1993 Cohort)

p = 0.621

p = 0.646

p = 0.519

p = 0.386

p = 0.685

p = 0.471

   ≤ 33

−0.2 (− 1.71; 1.41)

−0.2 (− 1.47; 1.15)

1.4 (− 1.01; 3.83)

1.6 (− 0.82; 3.96)

−0.40 (− 1.29; 0.50)

−0.5 (− 1.40; 0.38)

  34 to 36

0.4 (− 0.47; 1.34)

0.3 (− 0.41; 1.10)

0.1 (− 1.28; 1.53)

− 0.3 (− 1.71; 1.09)

0.00 (− 0.52; 0.52)

0.1 (− 0.41; 0.63)

  37 to 41

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30 y (1982 Cohort)

p = 0.252

p = 0.200

p = 0.262

p = 0.369

p = 0.369

p = 0.349

   ≤ 33

−4.04 (−8.82; 073)

−3.09 (− 6.96; 0.78)

0.37 (− 7.09; 7.82)

− 0.18 (− 7.32; 6.95)

− 1.14 (− 2.73; 0.44)

− 0.90 (− 2.39; 0.59)

  34 to 36

− 0.02 (− 0.92; 0.88)

− 0.39 (− 1.24; 0.45)

1.17 (− 0.23; 2.57)

1.04 (− 0.41; 2.50)

− 0.00 (− 0.30; 0.30)

−0.14 (− 0.47; 0.18)

  37 to 41

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  1. FFM fat-free mass, %FFM percentage of fat-free mass, FFMI fat-free mass index
  2. β refers to linear regression models. Models were adjusted for maternal (education, age, family income at birth, smoking during pregnancy, and pre-gestational BMI) and cohort participant characteristics (birth weight in z-score, skin color and height (except for FFMI))