Inequality, chronic undernutrition, maternity, and diabetes mellitus as the determinant of anemia among ever-married women in Bangladesh

Table 1 The variables tested for the association with anemia in the logistic regression Models 1–4

Model 1:	Socio-economic status	Household-level wealth index (Low, Medium or High)
Model 2:	Model 1 variable and Sociodemographic variables
	Respondent Highest Education Level:	None/completed primary/completed secondary or higher
	Place of residence:	Rural/Urban
	Employment status:	Employed/Not employed
	Sex of house old head:	Male/Female
	Number of children:	None/One/Two/Three or more
	^awomen reproductive age:	Early reproductive (< 20 years)/Middle reproductive (20–38 years) /Late reproductive (39–42 years)/Early premenopause (43–46 years)/Late premenopause (< 46 years)
	Family size:	Small/Large (Number of family members 7 or over which is based on mean number of members in a household).
Model 3:	Model 2 variables and diabetes and maternity status
	Maternity status:	Pregnant/Lactating/Neither
	^bFasting plasma glucose levels:	Normal/Peri diabetic/Diabetes
Model 4:	Model 3 variables and BMI
		Underweight/thin (< 18.50 kg/m²); Normal (18.50, 24.99 kg/m²); Overweight (25,30 kg/m²); Obese (> 30 kg/m²)

^a The menopausal age is considered from the study of Bharadwaj et al. [24]
^b The 2011 BDHS measured the blood glucose level using the HemoCue 201+ blood glucose analyzer (Teleflex Medical L.P., Markham, Canada) in whole blood obtained by finger prick from the capillaries in the middle or ring finger after an overnight fasting—an approach that is widely used in resource-limited settings. The definition of “diabetes” is adopted from the Demographic Health Surveys report, that is, fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L or use of anti-diabetic medication. Subjects with “pre-diabetes” were defined as subjects with fasting plasma glucose concentrations in the range of 6.1–6.9 mmol/L and not taking anti-diabetic medication [25]. For this classification of “diabetes” and “prediabetes”, the cutoff point for fasting plasma glucose was according to the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association [26] and International Diabetes Federation [27]

ISSN: 1471-2458