Table 4 Factors associated with tobacco use and betel quid chewing by multinomial regression analyses
MEN | WOMEN | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betel quid chewer versus non-user | Tobacco user’ versus non-user | dual user’ versus non-user | Betel quid chewer versus non-user | Tobacco user’ versus non-user | dual user’ versus non-user | |||||||
Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||||||||||
Divorced/separated/ widowed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Currently married | 1.5 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.271 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.028 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.002 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.5, 2.2) | 0.986 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.001 |
Never married | 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) | 0.049 | 0.5 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.111 | 0.5 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.089 | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.016 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.6) | 0.272 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.227 |
Wealth Index | ||||||||||||
Richest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Richer | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 0.291 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.448 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.72) | 0.403 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (1.7, 7.3) | 0.001 | 2.4 (1.1, 5.4) | 0.036 |
Middle | 1.4 (0.9, 2.0) | 0.081 | 1.3 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.259 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.124 | 2.4 (1.8, 3.0) | < 0.001 | 6.2 (2.9, 13.4) | < 0.001 | 5.0 (2.3, 10.9) | < 0.001 |
Poorer | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | 0.025 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.141 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 0.020 | 3.6 (2.8, 4.6) | < 0.001 | 11.3 (5.4, 23.8) | < 0.001 | 11.6 (5.3, 25.3) | < 0.001 |
Poorest | 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) | 0.005 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.007 | 2.2 (1.4, 3.5) | 0.001 | 7.3 (5.5, 9.6) | < 0.001 | 32.4 (15.3, 68.6) | < 0.001 | 34.4 (15.9, 74.6) | < 0.001 |
Occupation | ||||||||||||
Manual worker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Professional/service/ sales | 0.3 (0.2,0.4) | < 0.001 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.3 (0.2,0.6) | 0.000 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.587 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.037 |
Agricultural work | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.108 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.123 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.210 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.828 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 0.662 |
Unemployed/ domestic work | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.065 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.019 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.045 | 1.5 (1.1,1.92) | 0.008 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.794 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.782 |
Exposure to media | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.960 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.017 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.858 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 0.450 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.642 | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.274 |