Skip to main content

Table 3 Park visitation as a mediator of associations of park availability and park satisfaction with physical activity/time outdoors among children and adults

From: Are park availability and satisfaction with neighbourhood parks associated with physical activity and time spent outdoors?

 

Association between exposure and potential mediatora (a-path)

OR (95% CI)

Association between potential mediatora and outcomeb variables

(b-path) (95%CI)

Associations between exposure and outcomeb variables (c-path) (95%CI) Total effect*

Direct effect of exposure on outcomeb variables

(c’-path) (95%CI)

Direct effect*

Indirect effect of exposure on outcomeb variables (a × b) (95%CI) Indirect effect*

Park availability (exposure variable 1)

 Adult: LTPAb

1.36 (1.19,1.55)

102.02 (63.90, 140.15)

−0.026 (−0.094, 0.040)

−0.053 (−0.121, 0.010)

0.028 (0.014, 0.045)

 Adult: TPA & LTPAb

1.37 (1.19, 1.59)

155.77 (95.73, 215.81)

−0.045 (− 0.124, 0.027)

−0.077 (− 0.153, − 0.009)

0.032 (0.016, 0.052)

 Child: Time outdoorsb

3.15 (1.52, 6.52)

119.10 (44.45, 193.75)

0.000 (−0.074, 0.072)

− 0.017 (− 0.091, 0.053)

0.017 (0.005, 0.037)

 Child: # Days ≥60mins PAb

3.14 (1.52, 6.52)

0.70 (0.35, 1.05)

0.041 (−0.033, 0.119)

0.016 (−0.056, 0.092)

0.025 (0.006, 0.054)

Park satisfaction (exposure variable 2)

 Adult: LTPAb

1.35 (1.19, 1.54)

101.48 (62.97, 140.00)

0.035 (−0.030, 0.101)

0.006 (−0.059, 0.072)

0.029 (0.014, 0.046)

 Adult: TPA & LTPAb

1.24 (1.07, 1.44)

158.32 (97.99, 218.66)

−0.008 (− 0.089, 0.069)

−0.031 (− 0.111, 0.046)

0.023 (0.007, 0.045)

 Child: Time outdoorsb

1.18 (0.99, 1.41)

120.65 (45.80, 195.50)

−0.012 (− 0.091, 0.064)

−0.024 (− 0.103, 0.054)

0.011 (0.001, 0.026)

 Child: # Days ≥60mins PAb

1.18 (0.99, 1.41)

0.68 (0.33, 1.03)

0.066 (−0.022, 0.161)

0.045 (−0.045, 0.136)

0.021 (0.004, 0.043)

  1. 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals. BOLD = significant associations
  2. a Potential mediator: park visitation in past 7 days. Exposure variables: park availability and park satisfaction
  3. Binary logisitic regression models were used to assess a-paths and odds ratios (OR) are reported
  4. b Primary outcome variables (adult = LTPA, child = time spent outdoors); secondary outcome variables (adult = TPA and LTPA, child = # days met physical activity recommendations)
  5. Adult models were adjusted for age, gender, education level, employment status, location of respondent (Intervention or Control) and whether there were children in the household aged under 2 years and between 2 and 15 years
  6. Child models were adjusted for age of child, gender of child, occupation of responding adult, education level of responding adult, dog ownership, location of respondent, extent of independence (never/rarely without parent or other adult vs. sometimes without parent or other adult or more frequently), and whether there were other children in the household up to the age of 15 years
  7. * Standardised effects and bootstrapped percentile-based 95% confidence intervals calculated with Stata’s binary_mediators package are shown
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us