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Table 3 Prevalence of HIV based on selected health factors and knowledge among IBBS participants, Pokhara Valley (Nepal)

From: Trends and determinants of HIV transmission among men who inject drugs in the Pokhara Valley, Nepal: analysis of cross-sectional studies

 

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2015

2017

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

n

N

% (95% CI)

Received addiction treatment

 Yes

27

91

29.7 (20.5–40.2)

34

132

25.8 (18.5–34.1)

16

115

13.9 (8.2–21.6)

8

120

6.7 (2.9–12.7)

11

179

6.1 (3.1–10.7)

6

111

5.4 (2.0–11.4)

9

83

10.8 (5.1–19.6)

 No

39

209

18.7 (13.6–24.6)

31

168

18.5 (12.9–25.2)

10

185

5.4 (2.6–9.7)

9

180

5.0 (2.3–9.3)

5

166

3.0 (1.0–6.9)

3

234

1.3 (0.3–3.7)

8

262

3.1 (1.3–5.9)

HIV test

 Yes

28

80

35.0 (24.7–46.5)

47

193

24.4 (18.5–31.0)

15

193

7.8 (4.4–12.5)

10

213

4.7 (2.3–8.5)

14

245

5.7 (3.2–9.4)

7

193

3.6 (1.5–7.3)

15

218

6.9 (3.9–11.1)

 No

38

220

17.3 (12.5–22.9)

18

107

16.8 (10.3–25.3)

11

107

10.3 (5.2–17.7)

7

87

8.0 (3.3–15.9)

2

100

2.0 (0.2–7.0)

2

152

1.3 (0.2–4.7)

2

127

1.6 (0.2–5.6)

Condom Use

 Always

5

8

62.5 (24.5–91.5)

7

11

63.6 (30.8–89.1)

2

14

14.3 (1.8–42.8)

1

6

16.7 (0.4–64.1)

2

5

40.0 (5.3–85.3)

1

6

16.7 (0.4–64.1)

–

–

–

 Sometimes

8

32

25.0 (11.5–43.4)

13

40

32.5 (18.6–49.1)

3

43

7.0 (1.5–19.1)

4

51

7.8 (2.2–18.9)

3

51

5.9 (1.2–16.2)

5

31

16.1 (5.5–33.7)

–

–

–

 Never

13

46

28.3 (16.0–43.5)

7

38

18.4 (7.7–34.3)

3

42

7.1 (1.5–19.5)

2

39

5.1 (0.6–17.3)

0

42

0.0 (0.0–8.4)

1

67

1.5 (0.0–8.0)

–

–

–

 Not applicable

40

214

18.7 (13.7–24.6)

38

211

18.0 (13.1–23.9)

18

201

9.0 (5.4–13.8)

10

204

4.9 (2.4–8.8)

11

247

4.5 (2.2–7.8)

2

241

0.8 (0.1–3.0)

–

–

–

Duration of ID use

 Below median

23

196

11.7 (7.6–17.1)

14

176

8.0 (4.4–13.0)

6

175

3.4 (1.3–7.3)

6

194

3.1 (1.1–6.6)

3

232

1.3 (0.3–3.7)

1

216

0.5 (0.0–2.6)

2

183

1.1 (0.1–3.9)

 Above median

43

104

41.3 (31.8–51.4)

51

124

41.1 (32.4–50.3)

20

125

16.0 (10.1–23.6)

11

106

10.4 (5.3–17.8)

13

113

11.5 (6.3–18.9)

8

129

6.2 (2.7–11.9)

15

162

9.3 (5.3–14.8)

Used FSW in past year

 Yes

13

99

13.1 (7.2–21.4)

18

121

14.9 (9.1–22.5)

12

139

8.6 (4.5–14.6)

3

105

2.9 (0.6–8.1)

6

126

4.8 (1.8–10.1)

4

96

4.2 (1.1–10.3)

6

69

8.7 (3.3–18.0)

 No

47

181

26.0 (19.7–33.0)

43

167

25.7 (19.3–33.1)

14

150

9.3 (5.2–15.2)

12

168

7.1 (3.7–12.1)

9

210

4.3 (2.0–8.0)

5

229

2.2 (0.7–5.0)

11

267

4.1 (2.1–7.3)

Drinking Alcohol

 Every day

37

127

29.1 (21.4–37.9)

45

170

26.5 (20.0–33.8)

12

106

11.3 (6.0–18.9)

10

101

9.9 (4.9–17.5)

6

88

6.8 (2.5–14.3)

2

59

3.4 (0.4–11.7)

2

56

3.6 (0.4–12.3)

 Sometimes

21

126

16.7 (10.6–24.3)

12

96

12.5 (6.6–20.8)

9

141

6.4 (3.0–11.8)

3

136

2.2 (0.5–6.3)

7

186

3.8 (1.5–7.6)

5

201

2.5 (0.8–5.7)

7

163

4.3 (1.7–8.6)

 Never

8

47

17.0 (7.6–30.8)

8

26

30.8 (14.3–51.8)

5

53

9.4 (3.1–20.7)

4

63

6.3 (1.8–15.5)

3

68

4.4 (0.9–12.4)

2

85

2.4 (0.3–8.2)

8

126

6.3 (2.8–12.1)

Know anyone with HIV/AIDS

 Yes

46

194

23.7 (17.9–30.3)

56

240

23.3 (18.1–29.2)

24

233

10.3 (6.7–14.9)

17

223

7.6 (4.5–11.9)

13

245

5.3 (2.9–8.9)

8

229

3.5 (1.5–6.8)

–

–

–

 No

19

97

19.6 (12.2–28.9)

5

49

10.2 (3.4–22.2)

2

69

2.9 (0.4–10.1)

0

77

0.0 (0.0–4.7)

3

100

3.0 (0.6–8.5)

1

116

0.9 (0.0–4.7)

–

–

–

 Unsure

2

9

22.2 (2.8–60.0)

4

11

36.4 (10.9–69.2)

0

0

–

0

0

–

0

0

–

0

0

–

–

–

–

Discussed with PE/OE/CM/CE

 Yes

–

–

–

16

202

7.9 (4.6–12.5)

15

257

5.8 (3.3–9.4)

16

295

5.4 (3.1–8.7)

5

72

6.9 (2.3–15.5)

8

93

8.6 (3.8–16.2)

–

–

–

 No

–

–

–

10

98

10.2 (5.0–18.0)

2

43

4.7 (0.6–15.8)

0

50

0.0 (0.0–7.1)

4

273

1.5 (0.4–3.7)

9

252

3.6 (1.6–6.7)

–

–

–

Knowledge of ART

 Yes

–

–

–

15

89

16.9 (9.8–26.3)

6

66

9.1 (3.4–18.7)

8

101

7.9 (3.5–15.0)

9

127

7.1 (3.3–13.0)

16

98

16.3 (9.6–25.2)

–

–

–

 No

–

–

–

11

211

5.2 (2.6–9.1)

11

234

4.7 (2.4–8.3)

8

244

3.3 (1.4–6.4)

0

209

0.0 (0.0–1.7)

1

246

0.4 (0.0–2.2)

–

–

–

Total

66

300

22.0 (17.4–27.1)

65

300

21.7 (17.1–26.7)

26

300

8.7 (5.7–12.4)

17

300

5.7 (3.3–8.9)

16

345

11.3 (2.7–7.4)

9

345

2.6 (1.2–4.9)

17

345

4.9 (2.9–7.8)

  1. n Number of HIV cases, N Total number of participants, IBBS Integrated Biological Behavioural Surveys, FSW Female Sex Worker, HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, PE/OE/CM/CE Peer Educators, Outreach Educators, Community Motivators/Mobilisers, Community Educators, ART Antiretroviral therapy