Table 2 Prevalence of HIV based on selected drug injecting behaviours of IBBS participants, Pokhara Valley (Nepal)
| Â | 2003 | Â | Â | 2005 | Â | Â | 2007 | Â | Â | 2009 | Â | Â | 2011 | Â | Â | 2015 | Â | Â | 2017 | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n(a) | N(b) | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | n | N | % (95% CI) | |
Injected on previous day | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | 55 | 243 | 22.6 (17.5–28.4) | 46 | 145 | 31.7 (24.3–40.0) | 23 | 236 | 9.7 (6.3–14.3) | 17 | 236 | 7.2 (4.3–11.3) | 2 | 206 | 1.0 (0.1–3.5) | 1 | 41 | 2.4 (0.1–12.9) | 3 | 152 | 2.0 (0.4–5.7) |
 No | 11 | 57 | 19.3 (10.0–31.9) | 22 | 155 | 14.2 (9.1–20.7) | 3 | 64 | 4.7 (1.0–13.1) | 0 | 64 | 0.0 (0.0–5.6) | 9 | 139 | 6.5 (3.0–11.9) | 8 | 304 | 2.6 (1.1–5.1) | 14 | 193 | 7.3 (4.0–11.9) |
Recently used unsterilised needles | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | – | – | – | 8 | 37 | 21.6 (9.8–38.2) | 2 | 20 | 10.0 (1.2–31.7) | 4 | 28 | 14.3 (4.0–32.7) | 0 | 6 | 0.0 (0.0–45.9) | 0 | 34 | 0.0 (0.0–10.3) | – | – | – |
 No | – | – | – | 18 | 263 | 6.8 (4.1–10.6) | 15 | 280 | 5.4 (3.0–8.7) | 12 | 317 | 3.8 (2.0–6.5) | 7 | 244 | 2.9 (1.2–5.8) | 16 | 292 | 5.5 (3.2–8.7) | – | – | – |
Injected with a used syringe in the past week | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | 18 | 63 | 28.6 (17.9–41.3) | 11 | 44 | 25.0 (13.2–40.3) | 7 | 25 | 28.0 (12.1–49.4) | 2 | 16 | 12.5 (1.6–38.3) | 2 | 8 | 25.0 (3.2–65.1) | 0 | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | – | – | – |
 No | 48 | 229 | 21.0 (15.9–26.8) | 46 | 195 | 23.6 (17.8–30.2) | 19 | 267 | 7.1 (4.3–10.9) | 15 | 276 | 5.4 (3.1–8.8) | 11 | 307 | 3.6 (1.8–6.3) | 3 | 139 | 2.2 (0.4–6.2) | – | – | – |
 Not applicable | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 8 | 61 | 13.1 (5.8–24.2) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 3 | 30 | 10.0 (2.1–26.5) | 3 | 205 | 1.5 (0.3–4.2) | – | – | – |
Gave needle to someone else after use in last week | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | 12 | 66 | 18.2 (9.8–29.6) | 8 | 38 | 21.1 (9.6–37.3) | 3 | 16 | 18.8 (4.0–45.6) | 1 | 9 | 11.1 (0.3–48.2) | 1 | 8 | 12.5 (0.3–52.7) | 0 | 3 | 0.0 (0.0–70.8) | 0 | 11 | 0.0 (0.0–28.5) |
 No | 54 | 226 | 23.9 (18.5–30.0) | 49 | 201 | 24.4 (18.6–30.9) | 23 | 276 | 8.3 (5.4–12.2) | 16 | 283 | 5.7 (3.3–9.0) | 12 | 307 | 3.9 (2.0–6.7) | 6 | 137 | 4.4 (1.6–9.3) | 17 | 333 | 5.1 (3.0–8.0) |
 Not applicable | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 8 | 61 | 13.1 (5.8–24.2) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 3 | 30 | 10.0 (2.1–26.5) | 0 | 205 | 0.0 (0.0–1.8) | 0 | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) |
Used a pre-filled syringe in past week | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | 5 | 23 | 21.7 (7.5–43.7) | 5 | 25 | 20.0 (6.8–40.7) | 4 | 17 | 23.5 (6.8–49.9) | 1 | 41 | 2.4 (0.1–12.9) | 1 | 8 | 12.5 (0.3–52.7) | 0 | 3 | 0.0 (0.0–70.8) | 1 | 27 | 3.7 (0.1–19.0) |
 No | 61 | 269 | 22.7 (17.8–28.2) | 51 | 213 | 23.9 (18.4–30.3) | 22 | 275 | 8.0 (5.1–11.9) | 16 | 251 | 6.4 (3.7–10.1) | 12 | 307 | 3.9 (2.0–6.7) | 6 | 137 | 4.4 (1.6–9.3) | 16 | 316 | 5.1 (2.9–8.1) |
 Not applicable | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 8 | 53 | 15.1 (6.7–27.6) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 0 | 8 | 0.0 (0.0–36.9) | 3 | 30 | 10.0 (2.1–26.5) | 0 | 205 | 0.0 (0.0–1.8) | 0 | 2 | 0.0 (0.0–84.2) |
Know where to get clean needles | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Yes | 66 | 300 | 22.0 (17.4–27.1) | 65 | 294 | 22.1 (17.5–27.3) | 24 | 295 | 8.1 (5.3–11.9) | 17 | 299 | 5.7 (3.3–8.9) | 16 | 344 | 4.7 (2.7–7.4) | 9 | 310 | 2.9 (1.3–5.4) | 17 | 301 | 5.6 (3.3–8.9) |
 No | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 6 | 0.0 (0.0–45.9) | 2 | 5 | 40.0 (5.3–85.3) | 0 | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | 0 | 1 | 0.0 (0.0–97.5) | 0 | 35 | 0.0 (0.0–10.0) | 0 | 44 | 0.0 (0.0–8.0) |
Average age at first injection | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Above median | 30 | 169 | 17.8 (12.3–24.4) | 35 | 152 | 23.0 (16.6–30.5) | 17 | 153 | 11.1 (6.6–17.2) | 11 | 169 | 6.5 (3.3–11.3) | 13 | 178 | 7.3 (3.9–12.2) | 2 | 196 | 1.0 (0.1–3.6) |  |  |  |
 Below median | 36 | 131 | 27.5 (20.0–36.0) | 3 | 148 | 2.0 (0.4–5.8) | 9 | 147 | 6.1 (2.8–11.3) | 6 | 131 | 4.6 (1.7–9.7) | 3 | 167 | 1.8 (0.4–5.2) | 7 | 149 | 4.7 (1.9–9.4) | 13 | 164 | 7.9 (4.3–13.2) |
Total | 66 | 300 | 22.0 (17.4–27.1) | 65 | 300 | 21.7 (17.1–26.7) | 26 | 300 | 8.7 (5.7–12.4) | 17 | 300 | 5.7 (3.3–8.9) | 16 | 345 | 11.3 (2.7–7.4) | 9 | 345 | 2.6 (1.2–4.9) | 17 | 345 | 4.9 (2.9–7.8) |