Variables | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | ||
Individual level factors | ||||
Age | ||||
15–24 | Ref | Ref | ||
25–34 | 15.30*** [10.26–22.80] | 15.29*** [10.25–22.79] | ||
35 years and above | 31.64*** (21.02–47.65] | 31.72*** [21.07–47.77] | ||
Mother’s education | ||||
No education | Ref | Ref | ||
Primary | 0.94[0.65–1.35] | 0.93[0.65–1.35] | ||
Secondary/Higher | 0.74[0.32–1.71] | 0.76[0.32–1.77] | ||
Partner’s education | ||||
No education | Ref | Ref | ||
Primary | 0.91[0.64–1.28] | 0.92[0.65–1.29] | ||
Secondary/Higher | 0.39***[0.24–0.62] | 0.39***[0.25–0.63] | ||
Marital status | ||||
Married | Ref | Ref | ||
Cohabiting | 0.63[0.36–1.11] | 0.63[0.36–1.11] | ||
Employment status | ||||
Not working | 0.77*[0.63–0.94] | 0.77*[0.63–0.95] | ||
Working | Ref | Ref | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
Sara | Ref | Ref | ||
Gorane | 1.38[0.49–3.93] | 1.41[0.49–4.01] | ||
Arab | 1.90[0.96–3.78] | 1.96[0.98–3.92] | ||
Ouaadai/maba/massalit/mimi | 2.51**[1.25–5.06] | 2.57**[1.27–5.22] | ||
Kenemu-Borno | 1.35[0.48–3.74] | 1.42[0.50–3.98] | ||
Boulala/medego/kouka | 1.67[0.76–3.70] | 1.73[0.78–3.84] | ||
Other | 1.97*[1.03–3.78] | 2.05*[1.06–3.95] | ||
Religion | ||||
Christianity | 0.49*[0.26–0.92] | 0.51*[0.26–0.98] | ||
Islam | Ref | Ref | ||
Other | 0.35[0.10–1.22] | 0.36[0.10–1.23] | ||
Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 0.60[0.23–1.56] | 0.62[0.23–1.62] | ||
Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 1.08[0.80–1.45] | 1.10[0.82–1.49] | ||
Frequency of watching television | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 1.01[0.65–1.57] | 1.04[0.67–1.62] | ||
Respondent circumcised | ||||
No | 0.01*** [0.005–0.018] | 0.01*** [0.005–0.018] | ||
Yes | Ref | Ref | ||
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poorest | Ref | Ref | ||
Poorer | 0.98[0.74–1.29] | 0.97[0.73–1.28] | ||
Middle | 1.11[0.84–1.48] | 1.10[0.83–1.47] | ||
Richer | 1.12[0.84–1.52] | 1.15[0.85–1.56] | ||
Richest | 0.73[0.49–1.08] | 0.97[0.56–1.68] | ||
Contextual factors | ||||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 2.17*[1.19–3.93] | Ref | ||
Rural | Ref | 0.83[0.51–1.33] | ||
Community literacy level | ||||
Low | Ref | Ref | ||
Medium | 0.37***[0.25–0.55] | 1.06[0.78–1.45] | ||
High | 0.15***[0.09–0.26] | 0.79[0.50–1.25] | ||
Community socio-economic status | ||||
Low | Ref | Ref | ||
Medium | 0.50*[0.27–0..91] | 0.86[0.55–1.34] | ||
High | 0.75[0.42–1.35] | 0.99[0.62–1.58] | ||
Random effect result | ||||
PSU variance (95% CI) | 2.78 (2.17–3.56) | 0.28 (0.15–0.50) | 2.19 (1.70–2.83) | 0.27 (0.15–0.50) |
ICC | 45.8% | 7.8% | 40.0% | 7.6% |
LR Test | χ2 = 584.12, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 20.09, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 443.51, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 19.80, p < 0.001 |
Wald χ2 | Reference | 617.20*** | 71.91** | 617.82*** |
Model fitness | ||||
Log-likelihood | − 2287.89 | − 1539.47 | − 2250.53 | −1537.37 |
AIC | 4579.79 | 3130.94 | 4515.06 | 3136.74 |
N | 6334 | 6334 | 6334 | 6334 |