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Table 4 Extended multivariable models of risk factors associated with child overweight/obesity at age 8

From: Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

Variables

Model 1 (Age 1 & 5)

Early factors

OR [95% CI]; n = 726

Model 2 (Age 1, 5, & 8)

Combined Factors

OR [95% CI]; n = 1004

Social Demographics

 wealth index

1.1 [1.0–1.2]

1.0 [0.9–1.1]

 sex (boy)

3.2 [1.9–5.3]***

2.4 [1.4–4.3]***

 site type (urban)

1.4 [0.2–9.9]

0.2 [0.0–3.1]

 interaction term

(wealth index x site type)

1.0 [0.9–1.2]

1.0 [0.8–1.2]

Round 3

 number of TVs (1+)a

 

2.6 [0.8–2.3]

 transportation (motorbike)b

 

3.5 [1.8–6.7]***

 times eaten (6+ times)c

 

1.8 [0.9–3.5]

 packaged sweetsd

 

1.1 [0.9–1.3]

 restaurant/stallsd

 

1.5 [0.7–3.1]

 milkd

 

2.5 [0.9–4.1]

Round 2

 transportation (motorbike)b

1.8 [1.1–3.3]*

1.4 [0.6–3.1]

 times eaten (6+ times)c

1.6 [0.8–3.3]

2.3 [0.9–6]

 powdered milkd

1.5 [0.8–2.7]

1.4 [0.7–2.8]

 packaged sweetsd

2.2 [1.3–3.5]**

1.9 [1.1–3.3]*

 sugar/honeyd

1.2 [0.6–2.0]

1.3 [0.8–2.4]

Round 1

 length of breastfeedinge

0.5 [0.1–2.2]

0.4 [0.1–1.5]

 mother’s educationf

1.7 [0.8–3.5]

2.1 [1.2–3.9]*

  1. a Number of TV household owned 1+ is compared to not owning any TV
  2. bMode of transportation via motorbike to school is compared to children who walk to school
  3. cNumber of times eaten (6+) is compared to baseline of eating 3 times a day
  4. dNutrition variables in these models are divided into two equally sized groups – above and below the median. The children who are above the median of consumption are compared those below the median of consumption
  5. eLength of breastfeeding is greater than 6 months compared to those who breastfed for 6 months or less
  6. fMother’s education is comparing mothers with grade 10 or higher to those with less years of education
  7. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001