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Table 2 Study population characteristics by categories of aircraft noise levels, aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity

From: The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use: results of a pooled-analysis from seven European countries

 

Aircraft noise levels in dB(A) (Lnight)

Aircraft noise annoyance

Noise sensitivity

 

< 40

40–44

45–49

≥50

p

Not highly annoyed

Highly annoyed

p

Low sensitivity

Medium sensitivity

High sensitivity

p

Antihypertensive medication

    

0.39

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

No

1926 (43.9)

672 (15.3)

795 (18.1)

995 (22.7)

 

3578 (81.5)

810 (18.5)

 

1563 (35.7)

1428 (32.6)

1384 (31.6)

 

Yes

633 (42.8)

214 (14.5)

265 (17.9)

367 (24.8)

 

1122 (76.0)

355 (24.0)

 

512 (34.8)

432 (29.3)

529 (35.9)

 

Antacids

    

0.01

  

0.12

   

0.17

No

2395 (43.8)

834 (15.2)

1000 (18.3)

1245 (22.7)

 

4397 (80.4)

1075 (19.6)

 

1948 (35.7)

1742 (31.9)

1769 (32.4)

 

Yes

164 (41.7)

52 (13.2)

60 (15.3)

117 (29.8)

 

303 (77.1)

90 (22.9)

 

127 (32.6)

118 (30.3)

144 (37.0)

 

Anxiolytics

    

0.12

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

No

2476 (43.8)

842 (14.9)

1017 (18.0)

1312 (23.2)

 

4542 (80.5)

1103 (19.5)

 

2031 (36.1)

1785 (31.7)

1813 (32.2)

 

Yes

83 (37.7)

44 (20.0)

43 (19.5)

50 (22.7)

 

158 (71.8)

62 (28.2)

 

44 (20.1)

75 (34.2)

100 (45.7)

 

Hypnotics

    

0.21

  

0.13

   

< 0.01

No

2491 (43.5)

871 (15.2)

1038 (18.1)

1322 (23.1)

 

4591 (80.3)

1129 (19.7)

 

2047 (35.9)

1814 (31.8)

1842 (32.3)

 

Yes

68 (46.9)

15 (10.3)

22 (15.2)

40 (27.6)

 

109 (75.2)

36 (24.8)

 

28 (19.3)

46 (31.7)

71 (49.0)

 

Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives

    

0.59

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

No

2418 (43.8)

828 (15.0)

1000 (18.1)

1276 (23.1)

 

4448 (80.6)

1072 (19.4)

 

2007 (36.5)

1747 (31.7)

1750 (31.8)

 

Yes

141 (40.9)

58 (16.8)

60 (17.4)

86 (24.9)

 

252 (73.0)

93 (27.0)

 

68 (19.8)

113 (32.8)

163 (47.4)

 

Antidepressants

    

0.14

  

0.61

   

< 0.01

No

2445 (43.4)

862 (15.3)

1019 (18.1)

1304 (23.2)

 

4507 (80.1)

1121 (19.9)

 

2025 (36.1)

1788 (31.9)

1798 (32.0)

 

Yes

114 (48.1)

24 (10.1)

41 (17.3)

58 (24.5)

 

193 (81.4)

44 (18.6)

 

50 (21.1)

72 (30.4)

115 (48.5)

 

Antasthmatics

    

0.18

  

0.03

   

0.45

No

2449 (43.7)

855 (15.2)

1016 (18.1)

1289 (23.0)

 

4507 (80.4)

1100 (19.6)

 

1974 (35.3)

1782 (31.9)

1834 (32.8)

 

Yes

110 (42.6)

31 (12.0)

44 (17.1)

73 (28.3)

 

193 (74.8)

65 (25.2)

 

101 (39.1)

78 (30.2)

79 (30.6)

 

Gender a

    

0.26

  

0.96

   

< 0.01

Men

1274 (44.7)

415 (14.6)

518 (18.2)

640 (22.5)

 

2280 (80.1)

566 (19.9)

 

1137 (40.1)

905 (31.9)

792 (27.9)

 

Women

1285 (42.5)

471 (15.6)

542 (17.9)

722 (23.9)

 

2420 (80.2)

599 (19.8)

 

938 (31.1)

955 (31.7)

1121 (37.2)

 

Age b

56.8 (8.6)

55.6 (11.1)

56.2 (10.4)

55.7 (10.9)

< 0.01

56.1 (10.1)

57.0 (9.1)

< 0.01

56.7 (9.5)

55.7 (10.8)

56.3 (9.5)

0.01

Education a,c

    

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

1st qrt

550 (35.0)

329 (20.9)

308 (19.6)

386 (24.5)

 

1216 (77.4)

355 (22.6)

 

577 (36.9)

513 (32.8)

475 (30.4)

 

2nd qrt

584 (41.7)

143 (10.2)

260 (18.5)

415 (29.6)

 

1171 (83.5)

231 (16.5)

 

543 (38.9)

446 (31.9)

408 (29.2)

 

3rd qrt

668 (48.5)

165 (12.0)

229 (16.6)

316 (22.9)

 

1118 (81.1)

260 (18.9)

 

480 (34.9)

416 (30.2)

480 (34.9)

 

4rd qrt

757 (50.0)

249 (16.4)

263 (17.4)

245 (16.2)

 

1195 (78.9)

319 (21.1)

 

475 (31.5)

485 (32.1)

550 (36.4)

 

BMI b

26.9 (4.7)

26.8 (5.0)

26.9 (4.6)

27.2 (4.8)

0.07

26.9 (4.8)

27.2 (4.6)

0.06

27.3 (4.8)

26.7 (4.6)

26.8 (4.7)

< 0.01

Physical activity a

    

< 0.01

  

0.21

   

0.45

No or little

1244 (40.8)

461 (15.1)

568 (18.6)

773 (25.4)

 

2421 (79.5)

624 (20.5)

 

1063 (35.0)

989 (32.5)

988 (32.5)

 

Regular

1315 (46.6)

425 (15.1)

492 (17.4)

589 (20.9)

 

2279 (80.8)

541 (19.2)

 

1012 (36.0)

871 (31.0)

925 (32.9)

 

Alcohol (units/week) a

    

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

teetotaller

645 (38.6)

263 (15.8)

324 (19.4)

437 (26.2)

 

1288 (77.2)

380 (22.8)

 

548 (33.0)

509 (30.6)

606 (36.4)

 

1–7

1248 (44.8)

411 (14.8)

512 (18.4)

614 (22.0)

 

2246 (80.6)

539 (19.4)

 

996 (35.8)

895 (32.2)

889 (32.0)

 

8–14

396 (47.6)

118 (14.2)

140 (16.8)

178 (21.4)

 

705 (84.7)

127 (15.3)

 

322 (38.9)

282 (34.1)

224 (27.1)

 

> 14

270 (46.5)

94 (16.2)

84 (14.5)

133 (22.9)

 

461 (79.5)

119 (20.5)

 

209 (36.2)

174 (30.2)

194 (33.6)

 

Smoking habits (units/day) a

    

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

   

< 0.01

non-smoker

1028 (40.2)

380 (42.9)

470 (44.3)

625 (45.9)

 

1998 (42.5)

504 (43.3)

 

764 (36.8)

836 (44.9)

894 (46.7)

 

exsmoker

943 (36.9)

260 (29.3)

321 (30.3)

415 (30.5)

 

1587 (33.8)

351 (30.1)

 

717 (34.6)

606 (32.6)

611 (31.9)

 

0–10

206 (8.1)

85 (9.6)

95 (9.0)

143 (10.5)

 

414 (8.8)

115 (9.9)

 

202 (9.7)

171 (9.2)

152 (7.9)

 

11–20

235 (9.2)

85 (9.6)

108 (10.2)

118 (8.7)

 

435 (9.3)

111 (9.5)

 

238 (11.5)

138 (7.4)

169 (8.8)

 

> 20

147 (5.7)

76 (8.6)

66 (6.2)

61 (4.5)

 

266 (5.7)

84 (7.2)

 

154 (7.4)

109 (5.9)

87 (4.5)

 

Aircraft noise annoyance

    

< 0.01

      

< 0.01

Not highly annoyed

2327 (49.5)

643 (13.7)

780 (16.6)

950 (20.2)

    

1853 (39.6)

1478 (31.6)

1353 (28.9)

 

Highly annoyed

231 (19.8)

242 (20.8)

280 (24.0)

412 (35.4)

    

220 (18.9)

382 (32.9)

560 (48.2)

 

Noise sensitivity

    

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

    

Low

983 (47.4)

250 (12.0)

392 (18.9)

450 (21.7)

 

1853 (89.4)

220 (10.6)

     

Medium

729 (39.2)

337 (18.1)

320 (17.2)

474 (25.5)

 

1478 (79.5)

382 (20.5)

     

High

840 (43.9)

294 (15.4)

347 (18.1)

432 (22.6)

 

1353 (70.7)

560 (29.3)

     

TOTAL

2559 (43.6)

886 (15.1)

1060 (18.1)

1362 (23.2)

 

4700 (80.1)

1165 (19.9)

 

2075 (35.5)

1860 (31.8)

1913 (32.7)

 
  1. a N (%)
  2. b mean (± SD)
  3. c coded in quartiles of the number of years of education previously standardized by country means