Positive impact on vitamin D related lifestyle of medical advice in pregnant Somali-born women and new mothers: a mixed method study in Swedish primary care

Table 3 Lifestyle data at baseline and after four and ten months in the Somali and Swedish target groups (TG) with baseline serum hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 50 nmol/L

	Somali TG					Swedish TG
	Baseline	4 months	p	10 months	p	Baseline	4 months	p	10 months	p
n¹	50	43		45		39	30		23
Milk, dl/day, m (Std)	1.8 (2.0)	3.0 (2.0)	0.001	2.6 (2.1)	0.066	3.1 (1.9)	3.4 (1.9)	0.497	3.5 (3.8)	0.972
Cheese/w, md (IQR)²	2.4 (2.5)	3.7 (2.3)	0.006	3.8 (2.4)	0.009	4.2 (2.0)	4.3 (1.7)	0.129	4.2 (2.1)	0.415
Fish/w, md (IQR)³	0.7 (1.0)	1.3 (1.1)	0.027	1.2 (1.0)	0.095	0.8 (0.6)	0.9 (0.6)	0.317	0.9 (0.6)	0.317
Outdoor, n (%)⁴	30 (60)	33 (77)	0.118	–	–	37 (95)	28 (97)	1.000	–	–
Veiled clothing (0–2), md (IQR)⁵	1.1 (0.3)	1.0 (0.5)	0.285	–	–	0.0 (0.0)	0.03 (0.2)	0.317	–	–
Sun exposure of face, neck, forearms, n (%)	12 (24)	17 (40)	0.092	–	–	37 (95)	27 (93)	1.000	–	–
Sun vacation in winter, n (%)	1 (2)	–	–	2 (4)	1.00	6 (15)	–	–	0 (0)	0.250

p-values by Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples for the categories drinking milk, eating fat fish, exercise and veiling clothing
p-values by Related Samples Mc Nemar test for the categories outside (more than 30 min/day), sun exposure (face, neck, forearms) and sun vacation abroad (minimum one week per winter)
¹ Missing values (n = 1–3) in each category are not reported in the table
² Cheese times/w; 0 = never, 2 = 1–2 times/w, 4 = 3–5 times/w, 6 = 6–7 times/w
³ Fish times/w; 0 = never, 1 = 1–2 times/w, 3 = 3 or more times/w
⁴ Outside minimum 30 min per day in summer
⁵ Veiled clothing; 0 = short sleeves, legs/skirts in summer, 1 = long sleeves/legs without covering face and hands, 2 = long sleeves/skirts, scarf covering head/face and burka
- no data for this variable at ten months follow up
n Numbers, dl Deciliter, w Week, m Mean, SD Standard deviation, md Median, IQR Interquartile range

ISSN: 1471-2458