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Table 2 Lifestyle data at baseline in the Swedish reference group (RG) with serum hydroxyvitamin D > 50 nmol/L and the Somali and Swedish target groups (TG) with serum hydroxyvitamin D ≤ 50 nmol/L.

From: Positive impact on vitamin D related lifestyle of medical advice in pregnant Somali-born women and new mothers: a mixed method study in Swedish primary care

 

Swedish RG

Somali TG

Swedish TG

  

p

 

p

n

31

51

 

40

 

Milk, dl/day, m (SD)

4.2 (1.7)

1.8 (2.0)

< 0.001

3.1 (1.9)

0.021

Cheese times/w, md (IQR)1

4.4 (1.2)

2.4 (2.5)

0.001

4.2 (2.0)

0.875

Fish times/w, md (IQR)2

0.9 (0.3)

0.7 (1.0)

0.005

0.8 (0.6)

0.176

Outdoors, n (%)3

29 (97)

30 (60)

< 0.001

37 (95)

0.717

Veiled clothing, md (IQR)4

0.0 (0.0)

1.1 (0.3)

< 0.001

0.0 (0.0)

1.00

Sun exposure face, neck, forearms, n (%)

28 (97)

12 (24)

< 0.001

37 (95)

0.739

Sun vacation in winter, n (%)

5 (17)

1 (2)

0.016

6 (15)

0.885

  1. p-values = Swedish RG compared with Somali and Swedish TG
  2. p-values < 0.05 in bold calculated by t-test for milk deciliter/day; Mann-Whitney test for the ordinal scales cheese and fatty fish times/w and for degree of veiled clothing; chi-square test for answer yes for being outdoors during summer and sun exposure
  3. 1 Cheese times/w; 0 = never, 2 = 1–2 times/w, 4 = 3–5 times/w, 6 = 6–7 times/w
  4. 2 Fish times/w; 0 = never, 1 = 1–2 times/w, 3 = 3 or more times/w
  5. 3 Outdoor minimum 30 min per day in summer
  6. 4 Veiled clothing; 0 = short armed sleeves, short legs/skirts in summer, 1 = long sleeves/legs without covering face and hands, 2 = long arms/skirts, scarf covering head/face, burka
  7. n Numbers, dl Deciliter, m Mean, SD Standard deviation, w Week, md Median, IQR Interquartile range