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Table 4 Factors associated with adolescent anemia stratified by adolescent sex in rural western China, 2016

From: Anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and boys at 10–14 years in rural western China

Factors

Male

Female

P values for interaction between sex and factorsb

No. (%) of anemia

Adjusted ORa

95% CI

No. (%) of anemia

Adjusted ORa

95% CI

Maternal age/yearsc

      

0.01

 Q1: ≤35

37 (11.4)

1.00

 

47 (14.9)

1.00

  

 Q2: 36–39

15 (6.3)

0.54

0.24, 1.19

30 (17.9)

1.17

0.64, 2.14

 

 Q3: ≥40

33 (10.8)

1.01

0.39, 2.64

16 (10.0)

0.54

0.20, 1.48

 

Maternal education

      

0.01

 < 3 years

5 (8.9)

1.96

0.37, 10.44

12 (38.7)

5.84

1.51, 22.54

 

 Primary

39 (14.5)

3.14

0.87, 11.31

22 (13.4)

0.90

0.30, 2.70

 

 Secondary

37 (8.9)

1.89

0.56, 6.38

52 (15.3)

1.44

0.56, 3.68

 

 High school+

4 (3.1)

1.00

 

7 (6.7)

1.00

  

Maternal occupation

      

0.61

 Farmer

25 (7.2)

1.00

 

23 (9.4)

1.00

  

 Others

60 (11.4)

1.03

0.56, 1.90

70 (17.6)

0.58

0.33, 1.06

 

Paternal age/yearsc

      

0.35

 Q1: ≤37

30 (10.5)

1.00

 

41 (14.3)

1.00

  

 Q2: 38–41

23 (8.4)

0.83

0.40, 1.74

35 (17.2)

1.02

0.57, 1.84

 

 Q3: ≥42

32 (10.3)

0.73

0.26, 2.07

17 (11.2)

0.72

0.25 2.04

 

Paternal education

      

0.48

 < 3 years

2 (16.7)

1.00

 

2 (28.6)

1.00

  

 Primary

14 (10.1)

0.32

0.05, 2.01

18 (22.5)

0.79

0.12, 5.38

 

 Secondary

55 (10.6)

0.52

0.09, 3.18

59 (15.7)

0.56

0.08, 3.68

 

 High school+

14 (6.9)

0.68

0.10, 4.65

14 (7.8)

0.43

0.06, 3.17

 

Paternal occupation

      

0.09

 Farmer

42 (7.6)

1.00

 

56 (13.6)

1.00

  

 Others

40 (13.5)

0.58

0.33, 1.02

32 (15.2)

1.22

0.71, 2.12

 

Household wealth

      

0.40

 Low

39 (12.6)

1.00

 

36 (16.7)

1.00

  

 Medium

30 (11.7)

0.92

0.53, 1.61

40 (21.2)

1.62

0.93, 2.85

 

 High

16 (5.2)

0.56

0.27, 1.13

17 (7.1)

0.61

0.30, 1.23

 

Randomized regimens

      

0.09

 Folic acid

30 (9.6)

1.00

 

25 (11.6)

1.00

  

 Iron/folic acid

32 (11.4)

1.16

0.65, 2.07

30 (13.6)

1.10

0.59, 2.08

 

 Multiple micronutrients

23 (8.2)

0.95

0.52, 1.73

38 (18.4)

1.92

1.06, 3.47

 

Adolescent age

      

0.39

 10

4 (11.1)

1.00

 

2 (5.4)

1.00

  

 11

31 (10.0)

0.62

0.19, 2.02

24 (10.5)

1.61

0.35, 7.54

 

 12

29 (9.4)

0.75

0.23, 2.51

42 (17.6)

2.53

0.53, 12.08

 

 13–14

21 (9.6)

0.97

0.27, 3.52

25 (17.9)

2.67

0.52, 13.79

 

Height for age z score

      

0.56

 Stunting (<−2SD)

3 (18.8)

1.00

0.20, 5.06

4 (25.0)

2.14

0.58, 7.94

 

 -2 to 1 SD

73 (11.1)

1.00

 

80 (15.2)

1.00

  

 Above average (>1SD)

9 (4.5)

0.57

0.25, 1.30

9 (9.1)

0.98

0.43, 2.23

 

Whether having an illness in the last 2 weeks

      

0.27

 Yes

41 (12.2)

1.00

 

40 (15.8)

1.00

  

 No

42 (7.9)

0.63

0.39, 1.02

53 (13.6)

0.92

0.56, 1.50

 

Puberty developmentd

      

0.04

 Pre-puberty

29 (15.9)

1.00

 

11 (14.1)

1.00

  

 Mild

40 (9.5)

0.59

0.33, 1.06

31 (13.7)

0.92

0.39, 2.13

 

 Above mild

15 (5.7)

0.35

0.15, 0.83

51 (15.1)

0.72

0.29, 1.78

 

Times of consuming flesh foods per day (Mean/SD)e

      

0.57

 Q1 (Lowest)

31 (14.8)

1.00

 

31 (18.8)

1.00

  

 Q2

22 (7.9)

0.51

0.27, 0.97

32 (13.2)

0.68

0.37, 1.24

 

 Q3 (Highest)

32 (8.3)

0.58

0.33, 1.05

30 (12.7)

0.96

0.52, 1.77

 

Times of consuming beans per day (Mean/SD)e

      

0.36

 Q1 (Lowest)

33 (11.5)

1.00

 

29 (12.9)

1.00

  

 Q2

42 (10.2)

0.94

0.56, 1.59

52 (16.7)

1.55

0.90, 2.68

 

 Q3 (Highest)

10 (6.0)

0.54

0.24, 1.21

12 (11.8)

0.94

0.42, 2.10

 

Times of consuming dairy products per day (Mean/SD)e

      

0.63

 Q1 (Lowest)

44 (13.0)

1.00

 

43 (17.6)

1.00

  

 Q2

20 (6.9)

0.56

0.31, 1.02

34 (14.1)

0.80

0.46, 1.39

 

 Q3 (Highest)

20 (8.4)

0.70

0.38, 1.28

16 (10.5)

0.67

0.34, 1.32

 

Times of consuming egg per day (Mean/SD)e

      

0.22

 Q1 (Lowest)

34 (11.6)

1.00

 

42 (18.1)

1.00

  

 Q2

26 (8.3)

0.70

0.39, 1.26

37 (14.9)

0.87

0.52, 1.51

 

 Q3 (Highest)

25 (9.5)

0.75

0.41, 1.37

14 (8.9)

0.46

0.23, 0.92

 

Meal frequency in 24 h

      

0.80

 Two times

50 (13.1)

1.52

0.91, 2.54

50 (17.7)

1.53

0.91, 2.55

 

 Three times and four times

33 (6.9)

1.00

 

43 (12.1)

1.00

  
  1. aThe adjusted model included all the variables in the table except for dietary variables. And then, each of the dietary variables were put in the adjusted model above one at a time
  2. bThe p values for interaction between sex and factors were calculated using likelihood-ratio test between including interaction terms and not including in the models
  3. cParents’ age was categorized by its tertiles
  4. dPuberty development was defined by the Tanner stages
  5. eThe frequency of consuming foods was converted into continuous variables namely times per day, which were then categorized by its tertiles. Flesh foods included meat, poultry and fish
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