Table 5 Multivariate linear regression analysis for physical, psychological, social and environmental health domains of nuclear family in Abbottabad, Pakistan (n = 1010)*
From: Factors associated with quality of life among joint and nuclear families: a population-based study
| Physical Domain | Psychological Domain | Relationship Domain | Environmental Domain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Fixed effects | ||||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | −2.55(−5.42 to 0.33) | −1.90(−4.9 to − 1.13) | – | −3.69(− 7.27 to −0.09) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | −2.64(−4.59 to − 0.68) | −3.56(− 5.5 to − 1.65) | − 1.92(− 3.91 to 0.07) | – |
| Age (Decades) | −0.27(− 0.35 to − 0.20) | −0.15(− 0.2 to) -0.06 | −0.12(− 0.05 to 0.12) | – |
| Disease | ||||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Physical disability | −8.78(− 16.1 to − 1.50) | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | − 3.58(−7.4 to 0.24) | – | – | – |
| Diabetes | − 13.0(− 19.0 to − 7.0) | – | – | – |
| Others | −4.75(− 7.02 to − 2.47) | – | – | – |
| Socio-economic status | ||||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate | −3.86(−6.2 to − 1.54) | − 3.47(− 5.8 to − 1.15) | −0.58(− 3.10 to 1.95) | − 4.20(− 6.37 to − 2.02) |
| Low | −7.37(−9.73 to − 5.01) | −9.91(− 12.3 to − 7.5) | −6.54(− 9.89 to − 4.05) | − 9.89(− 12.1 to − 7.66) |
| Social capital | 0.07(0.01 to 0.12) | 0.12(0.07 to 0.18) | 0.11(0.05 to 0.16) | 0.18(0.13 to 0.23) |
| Random-effects | ||||
| Level 1: Union Council | ||||
| Gender | 0.91(0.03 to 6.57) | 0.99(0.30 to 3.99) | 0.43(0.21 to 4.53) | 2.36(1.31 to 4.22) |
| Age | 0.02(0.00 to 6.64) | 0.08(0.08 to 0.65) | 0.06(0.02 to 0.18) | 0.09(0.04 to 0.17) |
| Social capital | 0.03(0.00 to 0.26) | 0.08(0.06 to 0.17) | 0.02(0.00 to 1.22) | 0.01(0.00 to 1.39) |
| Constant | 1.39(0.02 to 11.49) | 0.04(0.00 to 0.90) | 0.01(0.00 to 0.20) | 0.00(0.00 to 0.03) |
| Level 2: Cluster number | ||||
| Constant | 4.44(3.15 to 6.26) | 4.45(4.07 to 5.86) | 5.20(4.15 to 7.31) | 5.26(4.04 to 6.84) |
| Residual | 13.32(12.6 to 13.9) | 10.14(11.8 to 12.9) | 14.6(13.97 to 15.34) | 12.1(11.51 to 12.8) |