Table 2 QOL scores among different subgroups in joint family system, Abbottabad, Pakistan (n = 1053)*

 Urban

68.6 ± 15.6

71.0 ± 14.4

74.1 ± 15.8

59.9 ± 14.2

69.4 ± 16.0

 Rural

63.7 ± 14.9

65.9 ± 14.7

71.0 ± 16.6

53.7 ± 14.5

69.2 ± 16.9

P value (t test)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.891

 Male

66.7 ± 15.6

69.0 ± 14.5

72.4 ± 16.8

56.5 ± 13.6

68.6 ± 17.3

 Female

63.4 ± 14.6

66.6 ± 14.2

72.3 ± 17.0

56.5 ± 14.2

70.0 ± 15.8

P value (t test)

< 0.001

< 0.006

0.896

0.988

0.161

  < 30

67.8 ± 14.0

68.7 ± 13.4

73.8 ± 15.4

56.9 ± 14.00

70.4 ± 15.4

 31–40

65.3 ± 14.6

68.4 ± 15.1

72.1 ± 17.0

56.0 ± 14.3

69.7 ± 17.1

 41–50

64.3 ± 16.0

68.2 ± 13.8

72.0 ± 18.0

57.0 ± 15.3

69.4 ± 17.7

  > 50

60.4 ± 16.8

65.1 ± 15.3

69.7 ± 18.6

56.0 ± 14.4

66.4 ± 17.4

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

0.020

0.038

0.829

0.041

 Owner

65.0 ± 15.2

67.7 ± 14.21

72.6 ± 16.8

56.5 ± 14.3

68.3 ± 17.2

 Not owner

66.1 ± 15.1

70.2 ± 16.4

70.1 ± 16.5

58.2 ± 15.0

69.6 ± 18.5

P value (t test)

0.590

0.208

0.276

0.340

0.361

 Married

64.6 ± 15.0

67.8 ± 14.4

73.0 ± 16.9

56.5 ± 14.4

69.3 ± 16.7

 Widow

56.2 ± 15.7

60.4 ± 15.2

65.5 ± 17.2

52.0 ± 13.9

61.4 ± 18.3

 Divorced

76.8 ± 10.7

76.0 ± 10.4

60.4 ± 14.2

53.1 ± 6.8

65.6 ± 12.0

 Separated

69.6 ± 20.7

63.5 ± 15.0

68.7 ± 17.2

52.3 ± 8.6

65.6 ± 21.3

 Never married

69.4 ± 14.8

70.0 ± 13.6

71.0 ± 16.3

57.9 ± 14.1

71.3 ± 15.3

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

0.006

0.038

0.227

0.029

 No education

59.5 ± 15.8

62.9 ± 16.0

67.8 ± 19.4

54.5 ± 15.2

62.3 ± 19.0

 Informal education

65.4 ± 19.5

71.1 ± 16.0

72.9 ± 14.7

58.8 ± 17.1

71.1 ± 13.5

 Can read / write

63.0 ± 16.6

63.9 ± 14.9

68.6 ± 18.9

55.3 ± 13.8

66.2 ± 16.8

 Primary (up to grade 5)

66.0 ± 14.5

68.1 ± 13.4

73.3 ± 16.2

57.2 ± 13.6

69.2 ± 16.2

 Secondary (up to grade 12)

67.5 ± 14.8

71.1 ± 13.7

74.0 ± 15.3

57.2 ± 14.0

73.1 ± 15.0

 Tertiary (up to grade 16 or above)

63.3 ± 14.0

68.8 ± 13.1

75.7 ± 16.0

56.4 ± 14.7

71.8 ± 16.1

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.317

< 0.001

 Physical disability

58.8 ± 17.5

61.8 ± 18.1

69.2 ± 12.9

51.7 ± 13.5

63.5 ± 14.8

 Hypertension

61.3 ± 18.0

65.2 ± 15.4

79.0 ± 18.0

57.0 ± 15.8

65.7 ± 17.8

 Diabetes

57.0 ± 19.2

61.8 ± 18.8

69.4 ± 19.3

56.5 ± 15.6

59.2 ± 24.9

 Other

64.0 ± 15.1

66.8 ± 14.0

72.0 ± 17.1

55.1 ± 14.2

69.2 ± 16.4

 None

68.0 ± 13.8

70.1 ± 13.8

73.7 ± 16.1

58.2 ± 13.8

71.1 ± 15.5

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.095

0.017

< 0.001

 Not working

62.8 ± 16.3

66.3 ± 14.5

72.0 ± 16.9

56.4 ± 14.4

66.5 ± 17.4

 Working

66.8 ± 14.0

69.0 ± 14.8

72.4 ± 17.0

56.5 ± 14.3

71.3 ± 15.8

 Retired

63.0 ± 18.3

67.5 ± 14.4

74.3 ± 17.0

59.0 ± 14.9

68.1 ± 17.0

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

0.016

0.605

0.402

< 0.001

 High

67.8 ± 15.3

71.5 ± 13.2

76.5 ± 15.1

61.2 ± 13.3

74.3 ± 15.3

 Intermediate

65.6 ± 15.1

68.4 ± 14.1

73.1 ± 15.6

56.9 ± 13.5

69.1 ± 15.4

 Low

60.7 ± 15.3

62.2 ± 14.6

65.8 ± 18.7

50.0 ± 14.4

62.8 ± 17.6

P value (F statistic)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 High SC

67.1 ± 14.9

71.3 ± 13.7

76.8 ± 16.1

59.8 ± 14.0

74.7 ± 14.5

 Moderate SC

65.2 ± 15.1

67.8 ± 14.7

72.4 ± 16.5

56.4 ± 14.2

69.0 ± 16.3

 Low SC

62.3 ± 16.4

64.4 ± 14.4

66.3 ± 18.2

50.9 ± 16.6

64.1 ± 19.9

P value (F statistic)

0.059

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.005

< 0.001