Table 1 definition, measure (Scale/ question) and range score of main variables in this study
variable | Definition | Scale/ question | Range of scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | max | ||||
SSS | Subjective Socioeconomic Status. A self-assessment by means of early-life education, longest occupation, and late-life financial conditions. | subjective socioeconomic status was assessed with a single question on a 10-part ladder scale Question Please view a drawing ladder with 10 rungs, represents where people stand in society. At the top of the ladder are the people who have the most money, most education, and best jobs. At the bottom are the people who have the least money, least education, worst jobs, or no job. Please place an ‘X’ on the rung that best represents where you think you stand on the ladder.” | 1 | 10 | |
PA | Physical activity (PA) which refers any movement in daily life | PA was assessed with a five-point Likert question: “How often do you participate in sports or physical exercise? “Never”, “1–3 time a month”, “1–2 days a week”, “three and above time in week”. | 1 | 4 | |
LS | Life Satisfaction is a universal assessment of one’s life based on one’s subjective criteria. This criterion is individual’s self-assessment about life’s adaptation according to the internal expectations | scale LS was assessed by Diner et al. (1985) scale with five-item; each rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Total score can be ranged on a five-point scale—very dissatisfied (1) to very satisfied (5). Due to the small number of respondents who assessed their LS as “very dissatisfied” and “satisfied”, these two categories are combined in the Dissatisfied and Satisfied categories, and finally we have three categories including: Very dissatisfied or dissatisfied / so-so / satisfied or very satisfied. | 5 | 15 | |
SRH | individual appraisal of one’s health that includes an overall sense of functioning, physical, mental and social dimensions of health | A single question; extracted from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). “How is your health in general?” This question measures the SRH on a 5-point Likert scale (very bad / bad / not good not bad / good / very good). | 1 | 5 | |
SC | Social Capital is defined as trust, norms, and networks that make cooperation and collaboration easy to achieve. | Scale SC was assessed by Rafiey et al. (2016) scale consists of 20 items on five point Likert scale that measure “SC” in two dimensions of bonding and bridging. In this study we analyzed three factors related bonding social capital including empathy and belonging (six question), trust (three question), and partnership (two question | empathy and belonging | 6 | 30 |
trust | 3 | 15 | |||
partnership | 2 | 10 | |||
SC total | 11 | 55 | |||