Dietary patterns and their associations with overweight/obesity among preschool children in Dongcheng District of Beijing: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Associations between Predominant Dietary Patterns and Overweight/Obesity^{a, b, c} (N = 3373)

Predominant dietary patterns^d	ORs with 95% CIs/Variance with 95% CIs	Robust SEs	Z values	P values
Fixed parts
“Sugar-sweetened beverage and snack” pattern
Model 1	1.76 (1.21, 2.58)	0.34	2.934	0.003
Model 2	1.67 (1.15, 2.43)	0.32	2.689	0.007
Model 3	1.66 (1.14, 2.42)	0.32	2.662	0.008
Model 4	1.61 (1.09, 2.38)	0.32	2.385	0.017
“Health conscious” pattern
Model 1	1.00 (0.70, 1.43)	0.18	−0.014	0.988
Model 2	1.04 (0.72, 1.51)	0.20	0.226	0.821
Model 3	1.05 (0.73, 1.51)	0.20	0.247	0.805
Model 4	1.13 (0.78, 1.65)	0.22	0.646	0.518
“Snack” pattern
Model 1	1.16 (0.82, 1.63)	0.20	0.838	0.402
Model 2	1.22 (0.86, 1.72)	0.22	1.102	0.271
Model 3	1.17 (0.83, 1.65)	0.20	0.921	0.357
Model 4	1.13 (0.79, 1.61)	0.20	0.680	0.497
Random parts
Intercepts at class level
Model 1	0.35 (0.18, 0.67)	0.12
Model 2	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.00
Model 3	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.00
Model 4	0.02 (0.00, 487.47)	0.08

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SE: standard error
Notes: ^aDependent variable: overweight/obesity; ^bModel 1 only included predominant dietary patterns; model 2 included adjustment for children’s age and gender; model 3 included further adjustment for children’s daily average time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and daily average sedentary time, on weekdays and weekends respectively; model 4 included further adjustment for parents’ socioeconomic status scores and body mass index; ^cData imputation was applied by using modes to replace missing data in children’s daily average time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and daily average sedentary time, and medians in parents’ socioeconomic status scores and body mass index; ^dReference: the “Chinese traditional” pattern

ISSN: 1471-2458