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Table 4 Differences in Participants’ Characteristics and Consummption Proportions of Food and Beverage Groups by Predominant Dietary Patterns (N = 3373)

From: Dietary patterns and their associations with overweight/obesity among preschool children in Dongcheng District of Beijing: a cross-sectional study

Variables

“Sugar-sweetened beverage and snack” pattern

“Chinese traditional” pattern

“Health conscious” pattern

“Snack” pattern

F values/Chi-square valuesa

P values

Participants’ characteristics

 Children’s age (years), mean (SD)

4.34 (0.64)

4.21 (0.68)

4.18 (0.66)

4.23 (0.69)

8.894

<  0.001

 Children’s gender, n (%)

    

7.727

0.052

  Boy

377 (53.17)

504 (53.79)

455 (54.17)

429 (48.37)

  

  Girl

332 (46.83)

433 (46.21)

385 (45.83)

458 (51.63)

  

 Children’s BMI (kg/m2), M (Q1, Q2)

15.44 (14.54, 16.47)

15.26 (14.48, 16.22)

15.23 (14.43, 16.12)

15.42 (14.56, 16.29)

13.156

0.004

 Children’s weight status, n (%)

    

17.068

<  0.001

  Underweight or normal-weight

625 (88.15)

873 (93.17)

783 (93.21)

816 (92.00)

  

  Overweight

54 (7.62)

39 (4.16)

35 (4.17)

51 (5.75)

  

  Obesity

30 (4.23)

25 (2.67)

22 (2.62)

20 (2.25)

  

 Parents’ SES scoresb, M (Q1, Q2)

  Father

63.7 (59.3, 69.3)

67.7 (62.5, 69.5)

67.7 (62.5, 69.3)

66.7 (62.1, 69.3)

44.921

<  0.001

  Mother

64.6 (61.4, 69.8)

69.5 (64.6, 71.4)

69.5 (64.6, 71.4)

69.5 (64.6, 71.4)

53.407

<  0.001

Parents’ weight status, n (%)

 Father

    

5.407

0.144

  Underweight or normal weight

259 (36.53)

368 (39.27)

322 (38.33)

327 (36.87)

  

  Overweight

287 (40.48)

384 (40.98)

376 (44.76)

347 (39.12)

  

  Obesity

122 (17.21)

147 (15.69)

107 (12.74)

172 (19.39)

  

  Data missing

41 (5.78)

38 (4.06)

35 (4.17)

41 (4.62)

  

 Mother

    

14.862

0.002

  Underweight or normal weight

527 (74.33)

732 (78.12)

695 (82.74)

692 (78.02)

  

  Overweight

122 (17.21)

149 (15.90)

104 (12.38)

132 (14.88)

  

  Obesity

29 (4.09)

21 (2.24)

16 (1.90)

27 (3.04)

  

  Data missing

31 (4.37)

35 (3.74)

25 (2.98)

36 (4.06)

  

Consumption proportions of food and beverage groupsb, n (%)

 Fruits

708 (99.86)

937 (100.00)

839 (99.88)

886 (99.89)

1.195

0.750

 Vegetables

709 (100.00)

937 (100.00)

838 (99.76)

884 (99.66)

5.067

0.170

 Dark-green vegetables

706 (99.58)

937 (100.00)

834 (99.29)

879 (99.10)

8.542

0.036

 Other dark-color vegetables

709 (100.00)

937 (100.00)

840 (100.00)

877 (98.87)

27.988

<  0.001

 Fresh fruit/vegetable juice

646 (91.11)

751 (80.15)

764 (90.95)

697 (78.58)

88.354

<  0.001

 Soybean milk

586 (82.65)

610 (65.10)

668 (79.52)

458 (51.63)

232.325

<  0.001

 Milk

687 (96.90)

911 (97.23)

835 (99.40)

855 (96.39)

18.216

<  0.001

 Yogurt or other dairy products

694 (97.88)

921 (98.29)

835 (99.40)

874 (98.53)

6.878

0.076

 Flavored milk drinks

579 (81.66)

398 (42.48)

367 (43.69)

495 (55.81)

313.913

<  0.001

 Carbonated drinks

404 (56.98)

173 (18.46)

95 (11.31)

222 (25.03)

488.557

<  0.001

 Flavored fruit/vegetable drinks

565 (79.69)

390 (41.62)

315 (37.50)

523 (58.96)

347.720

<  0.001

 Tea drinks

344 (48.52)

113 (12.06)

68 (8.10)

166 (18.71)

478.026

<  0.001

 Plant-protein drinks

513 (72.36)

279 (29.78)

365 (43.45)

341 (38.44)

317.776

<  0.001

 Sweets

686 (96.76)

886 (94.56)

808 (96.19)

883 (99.55)

37.072

<  0.001

 Pastries

680 (95.91)

898 (95.84)

828 (98.57)

883 (99.55)

37.337

<  0.001

 Puffed foods

596 (84.06)

563 (60.09)

474 (56.43)

779 (87.82)

327.716

<  0.001

 Fried foods

631 (89.00)

667 (71.18)

566 (67.38)

822 (92.67)

248.043

<  0.001

 Western fast foods

622 (87.73)

719 (76.73)

660 (78.57)

800 (90.19)

82.033

<  0.001

 Nuts

668 (94.22)

874 (93.28)

830 (98.81)

837 (94.36)

34.076

<  0.001

 Wheat or wheat foods

609 (85.90)

770 (82.18)

821 (97.74)

730 (82.30)

121.404

<  0.001

 Meat or poultry

700 (98.73)

936 (99.89)

837 (99.64)

886 (99.89)

16.662

<  0.001

 Fishery products

686 (96.76)

927 (98.93)

833 (99.17)

876 (98.76)

18.684

<  0.001

 Other protein-rich foods

703 (99.15)

936 (99.89)

840 (100.00)

880 (99.21)

11.891

0.008

  1. Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; M (Q1, Q2): median (25th and 75th percentiles); SES: socioeconomic status
  2. Notes: aChi-square values of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for children’s body mass index and weight status, and parents’ socioeconomic status scores were adjusted for ties; bMissing data exists