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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics According to Incarceration History Status, CARDIA Study: 1985–1988

From: Association between incarceration and incident cardiovascular disease events: results from the CARDIA cohort study

Baseline Characteristic

Incarceration

(n = 351)

No Incarceration History

(n = 4754)

P Value

Age, mean (SD), years

24.0 (3.7)

24.9 (3.6)

<.0001

Male sex, No. (%)

268 (76.4)

2054 (43.2)

<.0001

Black race, No. (%)

254 (72.4)

2379 (50.0)

<.0001

Education, mean (SD), years

12.4 (1.8)

13.9 (2.3)

<.0001

Individual annual income <$25,000, No. (%)a

173 (61.8)

1462 (36.7)

<.0001

Smoker, No. (%)

190 (55.1)

1351 (28.6)

<.0001

Heavy alcohol use, No. (%)

98 (28.0)

550 (11.6)

<.0001

Illicit drug use, No. (%)b

86 (26.5)

312 (7.3)

<.0001

Heavy or moderate exercise, median (IQR), MET-minutes per week

443 (254, 714)

356 (192, 571)

< 0.001

Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2

24.1 (4.3)

24.5 (5.1)

0.11

Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg

113.1 (11.4)

110.2 (10.9)

<.0001

Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg

69.0 (10.7)

68.6 (9.5)

0.38

Blood pressure medication, No. (%)

8 (2.3)

107 (2.3)

0.85

Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dl

175.4 (34.9)

176.9 (33.4)

0.43

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dl

106.1 (32.1)

109.3 (31.1)

0.06

High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dl

54.1 (14.7)

53.1 (13.1)

0.17

Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dl

65 (47.5, 90.5)

62 (45, 84)

0.04

Fasting plasma glucose, mean (SD), mg/dl

83.4 (9.4)

82.5 (16.7)

0.36

Diabetes medication, No. (%)

1 (0.3)

13 (0.3)

1.00

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. IQR interquartile range
  3. MET metabolic equivalent
  4. a836 (16%) participants did not respond to this question
  5. b532 (10%) participants did not respond to this question