Variables | Model II AOR (95%CI) | Model IIIAOR (95%CI) | Model IVAOR (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Individual level factors | |||
Maternal age (in years) | |||
15–19 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
20–34 | 1.19 (0.53–2.7) | – | 1.61 (0.68–3.8) |
35–49 | 2.31 (1.00–5.36) | – | 3.51 (1.45–8.5)* |
Religion | |||
Orthodox Christian | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Muslim | 1.52 (1.03–2.24) | – | 1.05 (0.7–1.58) |
Protestant | 0.67 (0.42–1.07) | – | 0.89 (0.54–1.47) |
Others* | 0.23 (0.05–0.94) | – | 0.29 (0.08–1.03) |
Mother’s educational status | |||
No education | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Primary | 0.96 (0.76–1.22) | – | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) |
Secondary and above | 0.29 (0.15–0.58) | – | 0.43 (0.22–0.84)* |
Mother’s occupation | |||
Do not work | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Non-professional | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | – | 1.08 (0.88–1.31) |
Professional | 0.44 (0.13–1.46) | – | 0.51 (0.16–1.66) |
Maternal circumcision status | |||
Not circumcised | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Circumcised | 7.37 (4.69–11.59) | – | 7.49 (4.84–11.59)* |
Wealth Index | |||
Poorest | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Poorer | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) | – | 1.25 (0.93–1.67) |
Middle | 0.89 (0.66–1.22) | – | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) |
Richer | 0.30 (0.10–0.51) | – | 0.54 (0.30–0.82)* |
Richest | 0.65 (0.43–0.89) | – | 0.70 (0.46–0.92)* |
Number of living children | |||
1–2 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
3–4 | 1.28 (0.94–1.74) | – | 1.27 (0.93–1.72) |
5–6 | 2.03 (1.47–2.8) | – | 1.89 (1.37–2.60)* |
7+ | 1.82 (1.28–2.61) | – | 1.62 (1.13–2.32)* |
Sex of household head | |||
Male | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Female | 1.38 (0.62–3.08) | – | 1.41 (0.62–3.22) |
Mother’s relation to the head of the household | |||
Wife | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Head | 1.06 (0.46–2.44) | – | 1.02 (0.44–2.4) |
Daughter or daughter-in-law | 0.88 (0.44–1.76) | – | 0.81 (0.4–1.67) |
Other | 0.88 (0.35–2.19) | – | 0.71 (0.28–1.8) |
Had regular media exposure | |||
No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.56 (0.39–0.80) | – | 0.51 (0.35–0.77)* |
Perceived religious believes to FGM/C | |||
Not required | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Required | 1.57 (1.25–1.97) | – | 1.47 (1.17–1.83)* |
Do not know/ no religion | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | – | 1.16 (0.75–1.80) |
Opinions of women towards the practice of FGM/C | |||
Stop | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Continue | 2.68 (2.12–3.38) | – | 2.50 (1.99–3.14)* |
Depends/ do not know | 1.46 (0.88–2.42) | – | 1.53 (0.93–2.51) |
Ever heard of female circumcision | |||
No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.52 (0.35–6.6) | – | 1.67 (0.38–7.42) |
Community level factors | |||
Residence | |||
Urban | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | – | 3.29 (1.87–5.78) | 2.51 (1.46–4.33)* |
Region | |||
Afar | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Tigray | – | 0.04 (0.01–0.19) | 0.07 (0.01–0.36)* |
Amhara | – | 0.60(0.23–1.58) | 0.56 (0.21–1.49) |
Oromia | – | 0.05 (0.02–0.13) | 0.05 (0.02–0.13)* |
Somali | – | 0.35 (0.10–1.17) | 0.24 (0.07–0.77)* |
Benishangul Gumuz | – | 0.10 (0.03–0.28) | 0.13 (0.05–0.37)* |
SNNPR | – | 0.09 (0.03–0.26) | 0.09 (0.03–0.27)* |
Gambella | – | 0.06 (0.02–0.21) | 0.13 (0.04–0.44)* |
Harari | – | 0.07 (0.02–0.21) | 0.06 (0.02–0.16)* |
Addis Ababa | – | 0.03 (0.01–0.10) | 0.05 (0.01–0.19)* |
Dire Dawa | – | 0.16 (0.05–0.45) | 0.11 (0.04–0.30)* |
Ethnicity | |||
Afar | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Somalie | – | 0.15 (0.05–0.49) | 0.18 (0.05–0.56)* |
Amhara | – | 0.08 (0.03–0.19) | 0.18 (0.07–0.45)* |
Oromo | – | 0.09 (0.04–0.23) | 0.15 (0.06–0.38)* |
Tigrie | – | 0.16 (0.04–0.65) | 0.43 (0.09–2.16) |
Sidama | – | 0.09 (0.03–0.34) | 0.16 (0.04–0.61)* |
Wolaita | – | 0.40 (0.13–1.24) | 0.70 (0.21–2.29) |
Guragie | – | 0.14 (0.04–0.44) | 0.19 (0.06–0.62)* |
Siltie | – | 0.06 (0.01–0.30) | 0.11 (0.02–0.57)* |
Dawuro | – | 0.81 (0.10–6.84) | 1.38 (0.21–9.24) |
Kembata | – | 0.30 (0.07–1.35) | 0.54 (0.12–2.54) |
Berta | – | 0.67 (0.19–2.36) | 0.77 (0.23–2.61) |
Agew Awi | – | 0.03 (0.00–0.26) | 0.14 (0.02–1.27) |
Hadiya | – | 0.16 (0.05–0.54) | 0.29 (0.08–1.01) |
Others | – | 0.04 (0.02–0.12) | 0.11 (0.04–0.31)* |
Women’s literacy rate of the community | |||
Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High | – | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 0.88 (0.60–1.28) |
Proportion of community with regular media exposure | |||
Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High | – | 0.67 (0.42–0.88) | 0.70 (0.48–0.91)* |
Proportion of community in the poor wealth quantile | |||
Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High | – | 0.71 (0.44–1.14) | 0.79 (0.51–1.21) |