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Table 1 Distribution of background characteristics and status of barriers in health care access among currently married women age 15–49 year

From: Empowerment and health care access barriers among currently married women in Myanmar

Background characteristics

Total = 7759

Barriers in health care access

Chi-square

p-value

No barrier

3780 (48.0%)

1 barrier

1725 (21.9%)

> 1 barrier

2364 (30.1%)

Women’s empowerment

 Low

2278(33.4)

1054 (46.3)

494(21.7)

729(32.0)

70.9

< 0.001

 Medium

2928(42.9)

1532(51.6)

704(23.7)

734(24.7)

 High

1620(23.7)

848(57.3)

250(16.9)

383(25.8)

Age

 15–19

227(2.9)

104(46.0)

46(20.0)

77(34.0)

12.9

0.17

 20–29

2092(26.7)

1016(48.5)

491(23.5)

585(28.0)

 30–39

2988(38.8)

1526(51.1)

629(21.0)

832(27.9)

 40–49

2452(31.6)

1274(51.9)

495(20.2)

685(27.9)

Residence

 Urban

2022(26.1)

1256 (62.1)

461 (22.8)

305 (15.1)

242.8

< 0.001

 Rural

5737(73.9)

2665 (46.5)

1200(20.9)

1872 (32.6)

Education

 None

1193(15.4)

433(36.3)

231(19.4)

529(44.3)

485.9

< 0.001

 Primary

3656(47.1)

1681(46.0)

811(22.3)

518(22.7)

 Secondary

2285(29.4)

1329(58.2)

518(22.7)

438(19.1)

 Higher

625(8.1)

477(76.7)

101(16.1)

45(7.2)

Occupation

 Not working

2280(29.4)

1178(51.7)

514(22.5)

58(25.8)

8.9

0.09

 Working

5479(70.6)

2745(50.1)

1144(20.9)

1590(29.0)

Wealth Index

 Poorest

1622(20.9)

463(28.5)

342(21.1)

817(50.4)

974.2

< 0.001

 Poorer

1586(20.4)

644(40.6)

376(23.7)

566(35.7)

 Middle

1555(20.1)

811(52.1)

342(21.9)

402(26.0)

 Richer

1509(19.5)

917(60.8)

331(21.9)

261(17.3)

 Richest

1487(19.1)

1086(73.0)

270(18.2)

131(8.8)

Husband’s occupation

 White collar

715(9.2)

486(68.0)

130 (18.3)

99 (13.7)

101.0

< 0.001

 Blue collar

7044 (90.8)

3459 (49.1)

1507(21.4)

2078 (29.5)

Husband’s education

 None

1173(15.1)

467(39.8)

202 (17.2)

504 (43.0)

403.9

< 0.001

 Primary

3128(40.3)

1395 (44.6)

723 (23.1)

1010 (32.3)

 Secondary

2941(37.9)

1662(56.5)

662 (22.5)

617(21.0)

 Higher

517(6.7)

402 (77.6)

77 (14.9)

38 (7.5)

No. of living children

 No child

916(11.8)

496(54.2)

204 (22.2)

217 (23.6)

82.5

< 0.001

 1–3

5437(70.1)

2825(52.0)

1178 (21.6)

1433 (26.4)

 4 and more

1406(18.2)

699 (42.6)

279 (19.8)

528 (37.6)

Inter marital age difference

 Same age

818 (10.5)

430(52.6)

177 (21.7)

211(25.8)

7.3

0.27

 Husband>wife

5274(68.0)

2616 (49.6)

1139 (21.6)

1519 (28.8)

 Wife>husband

1667(21.5)

877 (52.6)

343 (20.6)

447 (26.8)

Family structure

 Nuclear

3942(50.8)

1812(46.0)

868 (22.0)

1263 (32.0)

79.9

< 0.001

 Extended

3817 (49.2)

2186 (55.2)

791(20.8)

911 (24.0)