The target/perpetrator brief-implicit association test (B-IAT): an implicit instrument for efficiently measuring discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age

Table 1 Implicit and explicit scores for discrimination by experiment and participant group

														Implicit and Explicit Correlations
Experiment	Participant Group	Target/Perpetrator B-IAT (Implicit Discrimination)				Explicit Group Discrimination				Explicit Individual Discrimination				Target/Perpetrator B-IAT and Explicit Group Discrimination	Target/Perpetrator B-IAT and Explicit Individual Discrimination
Experiment	Participant Group	N	M	SD	Group Comparison	N	M	SD	Group Comparison	N	M	SD	Group Comparison	r	r
Racism	People of Color	67	0.29**	0.42	**	77	2.51**	0.74	n.s.	77	1.87**	0.85	**	0.14	0.09
Racism	White	74	0.00	0.36	**	78	2.69**	0.54	n.s.	78	0.76**	0.72	**	0.26*	−0.24*
Sexism	Female	77	0.29**	0.41	n.s.	75	2.48**	0.69	n.s.	75	1.83**	0.76	**	0.16	0.28*
Sexism	Male	73	0.28**	0.31	n.s.	75	2.28**	0.75	n.s.	75	1.07**	0.81	**	0.20	0.17
Heterosexism	LGBQ	72	0.48**	0.46	**	75	2.79**	0.41	**	75	1.53**	0.79	**	−0.02	−0.10
Heterosexism	Straight	71	0.23**	0.41	**	78	2.53**	0.66	**	78	0.31**	0.61	**	−0.12	− 0.04
Transphobia	Trans	62	0.57**	0.39	**	76	2.88**	0.43	n.s.	76	1.88**	0.92	n.s.	−0.01	−0.04
Transphobia	Cis	62	0.22**	0.42	**	80	2.74**	0.50	n.s.	80	2.14**	0.90	n.s.	0.09	0.00
Ageism	Older	42	0.28**	0.37	*	44	2.02**	0.70	n.s.	44	1.16**	0.81	n.s.	−0.13	−0.24
Ageism	Younger	79	0.13**	0.39	*	81	1.90**	0.78		81	1.33**	0.74	n.s.	0.14	0.01
Fatphobia	Heavy	75	−0.01	0.43	n.s.	78	2.51**	0.60	n.s.	78	1.51**	0.89	**	0.14	−0.05
Fatphobia	Not heavy	72	−0.13**	0.37	n.s.	78	2.47**	0.73	n.s.	78	0.60**	0.87	**	0.02	0.00

B-IAT scores could range from + 2 to −2, whereas explicit scores could range from 0 to + 3. Positive scores in the B-IAT and explicit group discrimination indicated the presence of a recognition of discrimination towards the target group. Positive scores in explicit individual discrimination indicated the presence of a recognition of discrimination towards self as a member of a specific social group. Zero indicated no relative preference. Note. Group comparison refers to comparison of scores (mean values) across the participant groups for each experiment; M Mean, SD standard deviation; *p < 0.05 (2-sided); ** p < 0.01 (2-sided), n.s not significant

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