Fig. 3

Rate ratios of TB- and LTBI-related articles in each research area by country, compared to the average across countries. The orders of the 13 countries are listed based on the total number of LTBI-related articles published 1995–2018 (in line with Table 1). The red dotted line represents the average across the 13 countries with the highest publication numbers. We estimated the rate ratios by using a generalized additive mixed model with a Poisson distribution and comparing the rate of LTBI-related articles in each research area in each country, and across all three research areas combined, to the average rate across the 13 countries combined, i.e., rate ratio = 1, after adjusting for temporal variation