Table 1 Description and list of characteristics of the included studies
Author | Year | Study Design | Sample size | Cases | Prevalence (%) | Setting | Province | Sex | Working Year | % Female | % Male | Average Age | Test | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bhatti et al.[18] | 1995 | NA | 35 | 21 | 60.00 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | NA | 14.28 | 85.71 | 6.5 | ELISA | Medium |
Muhammad et al. [19] | 2003 | Cross-sectional | 80 | 29 | 36.25 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | Jul. 1999 to Mar. 2001 | NA | NA | 7.5 | ELISA | Medium |
Shah at al. [20] | 2005 | Cross-sectional | 250 | 142 | 56.80 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | both | Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2001 | 72.00 | 28 | 10 | ELISA | Medium |
Hussain [21] | 2008 | Cross-sectional | 180 | 75 | 41.67 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003 | NA | NA | 6.8 | ELISA | Good |
Ali et al. [22] | 2011 | NA | 167 | 26 | 15.57 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | NA | 62.28 | 36.7 | NA | RNA | Medium |
Khattak et al.[23] | 2013 | NA | 170 | 37 | 21.67 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | both | Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2012 | 55.29 | 44.71 | 10 | ELISA | Medium |
Khan et al. [24] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | 180 | 14 | 7.77 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | Jun. 2013 to Jul. 2014 | 38.89 | 61.11 | NA | NA | Medium |
Shah et al. [25] | 2018 | NA | 324 | 18 | 5.56 | Urban | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | Oct. 2013 to Mar. 2014 | 34.50 | 60.23 | 15.5 | RNA | Medium |
Younus et al. [26] | 2004 | Cross-sectional | 75 | 32 | 42.00 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Jul. to Sep. 2003 | 64.00 | 36 | 6.5 | ELISA | Good |
Iqbal at el. [27] | 2010 | NA | 141 | 50 | 35.46 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Sep. 2008 to Aug. 2009 | 58.20 | 41.8 | 8 | ELISA | Medium |
Ain et al. [28] | 2011 | Cross-sectional | 300 | 195 | 65.00 | Urban | Punjab | Both | NA | 34.33 | 65.67 | 10 | NA | Medium |
Iqbal at el. [29] | 2013 | Cross-sectional | 95 | 40 | 42.11 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Oct. 2009 Apr. 2010 | 60.00 | 40 | 9.2 | ELISA | Medium |
Din et al. [30] | 2014 | NA | 95 | 45 | 47.00 | Both | Punjab | Both | Jul. 2017 to Sept. 2017 | 56.84 | 53.68 | 7 | ELISA | Good |
Nazir et al. [31] | 2014 | NA | 200 | 82 | 41.00 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Jan. 2013 to May 2013 | 12.00 | 88 | 8.5 | ELISA | Medium |
Saeed et al. [32] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | 262 | 146 | 55.73 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Nov. 2011 to Apr. 2012 | 40.07 | 59.92 | 9.26 | ELISA | Medium |
Sheikh et al. [33] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | 145 | 99 | 68.27 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2009 | 63.45 | 36.55 | 9 | ELISA | Medium |
Khan et al. [34] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | 470 | 216 | 45.95 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Mar. 2014 to Sep. 2014 | 65.96 | 34.04 | 4.8 | ELISA | Medium |
Rashid et al. [35] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | 130 | 27 | 20.76 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2014 | 60.00 | 40 | 9.7 | ELISA | Medium |
Raza et al. [36] | 2018 | Cross-sectional | 200 | 82 | 41.00 | Urban | Punjab | Both | Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2016 | 43.00 | 57 | 10.11 | ELISA | Good |
Mujeeb et al. [37] | 1997 | NA | 91 | 46 | 50.54 | Urban | Sindh | Both | NA | 39.56 | 60.43 | 13 | NA | Medium |
Akhtar et al. [38] | 2002 | Cross-sectional | 341 | 70 | 20.50 | Urban | Sindh | Both | Jun-91 | NA | NA | 5 | RNA | Good |
Akhtar et al. [39] | 2004 | NA | 86 | 38 | 44.20 | Urban | Sindh | Both | NA | 31.40 | 67.44 | 12 | ELISA | Medium |
Riaz et al. [40] | 2011 | Cross-sectional | 79 | 34 | 43.00 | Urban | Sindh | Both | Jul. 2009to Sep. 2009 | 41.77 | 58.23 | 12 | ELISA | Medium |
Ansari et al. [41] | 2012 | Cross-sectional | 160 | 21 | 13.10 | Urban | Sindh | Both | Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2010 | 49.38 | 50.63 | 8.5 | ELISA | Medium |
Sultan et al. [42] | 2016 | Cross-sectional | 100 | 27 | 27.00 | Urban | Sindh | Both | Jun. 2011 to Jun. 2014 | 54.00 | 46 | 15 | ELISA | Good |
Burki at el. [43] | 2005 | NA | 180 | 75 | 41.67 | Urban | Punjab + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | Both | Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003 | NA | NA | 6 | ELISA | Medium |
Kiani et al. [44] | 2016 | Cross-sectional | 1253 | 273 | 21.71 | Urban | Punjab + Sindh | Both | Jul. 2015 to Dec. 2015 | 46.21 | 53.79 | 10.1 | NA | Medium |