Socio-economic inequalities in the multiple dimensions of access to healthcare: the case of South Africa

Gordon, Tanja; Booysen, Frederik; Mbonigaba, Josue

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8368-7

BMC Public Health

Table 5 Decomposition analysis of private and public individual healthcare utilisation

From: Socio-economic inequalities in the multiple dimensions of access to healthcare: the case of South Africa

	Individual healthcare utilisation
	Private care						Public care
Variable	Margins	Absolute	SE	p-value	(%)	Total	Margins	Absolute	SE	p-value	(%)	Total
Sex:
Male = reference
Female	−0.025	0.001	0.001	0.321	0.31	0.31	0.071^a	−0.002	0.001	0.094	0.92	0.92
Age	0.001^a	0.005	0.001	0.004	1.96	1.96	0.001^c	0.003	0.001	0.085	−1.24	−1.24
Race:
Non-African = reference
African	−0.006	0.003	0.007	0.767	1.03	1.03	0.108^a	−0.047	0.005	0.000	20.24	20.24
Geographical area:
Rural = reference
Urban	0.027	0.015	0.009	0.181	5.95	5.95	−0.029^c	−0.016	0.005	0.081	6.78	6.78
Self-reported health:
Poor health = reference
Good health	−0.029	−0.002	0.001	0.148	−0.89	−0.89	− 0.065^a	−0.005	0.001	0.001	2.12	2.12
WHODAS score	−0.001	0.002	0.001	0.332	0.66	0.66	0.002	−0.004	0.002	0.167	1.54	1.54
Psychological distress:
Not distressed = reference
Distressed	0.041	−0.002	0.001	0.305	−0.67	−0.67	0.024	−0.001	0.001	0.509	0.42	0.42
Needed care:
No = reference
Yes	0.519^a	0.032	0.008	0.001	12.81	12.81	0.472^a	0.029	0.005	0.002	−12.44	−12.44
Household healthcare postponed:
No = reference
Yes	−0.028	0.005	0.004	0.381	1.95	1.95	0.007	−0.001	0.002	0.754	0.56	0.56
Unmet need:
No = reference
Yes	0.015	0.000	0.001	0.763	−0.18	−0.18	−0.042	0.001	0.001	0.537	−0.52	−0.52
Household distance to a healthcare facility:
More than 10Km away = reference
0–10 Km away	0.023	0.005	0.004	0.273	2.02	2.02	0.008	0.002	0.002	0.635	−0.75	−0.75
Household medical insurance:
No = reference
Yes	0.208^a	0.115	0.010	0.000	46.40	46.40	−0.204^a	− 0.112	0.008	0.000	48.58	48.58
Household difficulty affording cost of care:
No = reference
Yes	0.083^a	−0.016	0.005	0.008	−6.62	−6.62	−0.034	0.007	0.003	0.197	−2.89	−2.89
Household difficulty affording prescription medicine:
No = reference
Yes	−0.014	0.003	0.006	0.663	1.20	1.20	0.027	−0.006	0.003	0.291	2.41	2.41
Wealth index:
Quintile 1 = reference
Quintile 2	−0.007	0.002	0.008	0.822	0.89		0.041^c	−0.014	0.004	0.059	5.83
Quintile 3	0.052^c	−0.004	0.002	0.086	−1.47		−0.013	0.001	0.001	0.589	−0.38
Quintile 4	0.075^b	0.020	0.007	0.011	8.19		−0.035	− 0.010	0.004	0.138	4.15
Quintile 5	0.130^a	0.093	0.021	0.000	37.58	45.20	−0.081^b	− 0.058	0.013	0.007	25.16	34.76
Residual		−0.027				−11.13		0.001				−0.48
Total		0.247				100.00		−0.231				100.00

Note: SE Standard error, % Percentage contribution, WHODAS score World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule, K10 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; ^astatistically significant at the 1% level; ^b statistically significant at the 5% level; ^cstatistically significant at the 10% level

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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