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Table 4 Bivariable and multivariable mixed effects logistic regression for the association between participant demographic characteristics and practices and Brucella spp. seropositivity, 2012–2013

From: Comparison of knowledge, attitude, and practices of animal and human brucellosis between nomadic pastoralists and non-pastoralists in Kenya

Variable

Category

Brucella spp. seropositivity

Bivariable analysis

Multivariable mixed effects logistic model

Positive

Negative

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Sex

Male

191 (53.5)

719 (43.7)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.46 (1.0–2.2)

Female

166 (46.5)

928 (56.3)

refβ

refβ

Age, years

Mean (SD)

37.8 (19.9)

35.3 (19.4)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

Highest education level completed

Primary

75 (21.1)

682 (41.6)

0.1 (0.1–0.2)

0.5 (0.3–1.0)

Secondary

16 (4.5)

489 (29.8)

< 0.1 (< 0.1–0.1)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

Post secondary

4 (1.12)

163 (9.9)

< 0.1 (< 0.1–0.1)

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

No Formal Education

261 (73.3)

306 (18.7)

refβ

refβ

Production system

Nomadic Pastoralist

272 (88.3)

286 (23.3)

24.7 (17.2–36.3)

8.6 (3.6–20.2)

Mixed Farming

36 (11.7)

939 (76.7)

refβ

refβ

Drink unboiled milk

Yes

227 (68.2)

233 (14.6)

12.5 (9.6–16.4)

2.8 (1.4–5.3)

No

106 (31.8)

1364 (85.4)

refβ

refβ

Drink raw blood

Yes

88 (24.6)

88 (5.3)

5.8 (4.2–8.0)

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

No

269 (75.4)

1559 (94.7)

refβ

refβ

Assist in animal birthing

Yes

107 (42.1)

170 (16.7)

3.6 (2.7–4.9)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

No

147 (57.9)

845 (83.3)

refβ

refβ

Handle raw hides

Yes

97 (27.2)

148 (9.0)

3.8 (2.8–5.0)

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

No

260 (72.8)

1499 (91.0)

refβ

refβ

Clean barns

Yes

240 (67.2)

909 (55.2)

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

1.0 (0.5–1.2)

No

117 (32.8)

738 (44.8)

refβ

refβ

  1. refβ Reference category