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Table 3 Prevalence rate ratio of lower-extremity amputation in relation to demographic and geographic factors

From: Urban-rural disparity in lower extremities amputation in patients with diabetes after nearly two decades of universal health Insurance in Taiwan

 

Model 1

Model 2

Prevalence rate ratio (95% CI)

Prevalence rate ratio (95% CI)

Year

 2009

Ref.

Ref.

 2010

0.91 (0.85–0.97)**

0.90 (0.85–0.96)**

 2011

0.80 (0.75–0.85)**

0.80 (0.75–0.86)**

 2012

0.65 (0.60–0.69)**

0.65 (0.61–0.70)**

 2013

0.68 (0.63–0.72)**

0.68 (0.63–0.72)**

P-value for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

Sex

 Female

Ref.

Ref.

 Male

1.46 (1.40–1.52)**

1.46 (1.40–1.52)**

Age (years)

 55–64

Ref.

Ref.

 65–74

1.12 (1.07–1.18)**

1.12 (1.07–1.19)**

 75–84

1.38 (1.30–1.45)**

1.38 (1.31–1.46)**

 85 and over

1.76 (1.63–1.9)**

1.12 (1.07–1.19)**

P-value for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

1.78 (1.69–1.88)**

1.78 (1.69–1.88)**

 Nephropathy

2.51 (2.33–2.70)**

2.50 (2.33–2.69)**

 CVD

2.29 (2.2–2.39)**

2.29 (2.19–2.39)**

Urbanization

 Urban

Ref.

Ref.

 Sub-urban

1.47 (1.40–1.54)**

1.47 (1.39–1.55)**

 Rural

1.68 (1.58–1.78)**

1.68 (1.56–1.82)**

P-value for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

Median family income (NTD)

 585,000 and over

 

Ref.

 533,000-584,999

 

1.08 (1.02–1.14)**

 501,000-532,999

 

1.03 (0.95–1.10)

 0–501,000

 

1.05 (0.97–1.13)

P-value for trend

 

0.434

Density of surgeons (no. per 105 population)

 20 and over

 

Ref.

 10–19

 

0.94 (0.87–1.02)

 5–9

 

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

 0–4

 

1.01 (0.91–1.13)

P-value for trend

 

0.544

Density of internal medicine (no. per 105 population)

 40 and over

 

Ref.

 20–39

 

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

 10–19

 

1.01 (0.90–1.12)

 0–9

 

0.94 (0.85–1.06)

P-value for trend

 

0.240

Density of family medicine (no. per 105 population)

 20 and over

 

Ref.

 15–19

 

0.95 (0.89–1.03)

 10–14

 

0.92 (0.86–1.00)**

 0–9

 

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

P-value for trend

 

0.917

  1. ** P < 0.05
  2. NTD New Taiwan Dollar (1 USD ≈ 32 NTD)
  3. CVD cerebral vascular disease