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Table 3 Built environment predictors of health-related behaviors and outcomes

From: Health and the built environment in United States cities: measuring associations using Google Street View-derived indicators of the built environment

Street Greenness

 

Crosswalk

 

Coef.

SE

p

95% CI

 

Coef.

SE

p

95% CI

 Obesity

  Tertile 2

0.797

0.095

< 0.001

0.611

0.983

*

1.318

0.225

< 0.001

0.876

1.760

*

  Tertile 3

0.929

0.117

< 0.001

0.700

1.157

*

−0.813

0.219

< 0.001

−1.242

− 0.384

*

  SEP

2.345

0.081

< 0.001

2.187

2.503

 

2.469

0.079

< 0.001

2.313

2.624

 

 Diabetes

  Tertile 2

0.002

0.038

0.961

−0.073

0.077

 

0.354

0.087

< 0.001

0.184

0.524

*

  Tertile 3

0.009

0.046

0.852

−0.082

0.099

 

−0.174

0.085

0.040

−0.340

−0.008

*

  SEP

1.665

0.036

< 0.001

1.594

1.736

 

1.705

0.036

< 0.001

1.634

1.776

 

 Physical Distress

  Tertile 2

−0.062

0.041

0.128

−0.142

0.018

 

0.507

0.096

< 0.001

0.320

0.695

*

  Tertile 3

−0.143

0.049

0.004

−0.239

− 0.047

*

0.438

0.093

< 0.001

0.256

0.621

*

  SEP

2.535

0.038

< 0.001

2.461

2.608

 

2.540

0.038

< 0.001

2.466

2.614

 

 Mental Distress

  Tertile 2

−0.075

0.038

0.047

− 0.149

− 0.001

*

0.499

0.090

< 0.001

0.323

0.676

*

  Tertile 3

−0.124

0.046

0.007

−0.214

− 0.034

*

0.559

0.087

< 0.001

0.388

0.730

*

  SEP

2.230

0.033

< 0.001

2.165

2.294

 

2.224

0.033

< 0.001

2.159

2.289

 

 Physical Inactivity

  Tertile 2

0.001

0.090

0.995

−0.177

0.178

 

0.502

0.191

0.009

0.127

0.877

*

  Tertile 3

−0.019

0.106

0.860

−0.227

0.189

 

−1.124

0.188

< 0.001

−1.494

− 0.755

*

  SEP

4.499

0.078

< 0.001

4.346

4.652

 

4.630

0.078

< 0.001

4.478

4.782

 

 Binge Drinking

  Tertile 2

−0.721

0.064

< 0.001

− 0.847

− 0.594

*

1.577

0.138

< 0.001

1.307

1.848

*

  Tertile 3

−0.912

0.083

< 0.001

−1.074

− 0.749

*

3.005

0.133

< 0.001

2.743

3.266

*

  SEP

−0.873

0.055

< 0.001

− 0.980

− 0.765

 

− 0.968

0.053

< 0.001

−1.073

− 0.864

 

Not Single-Family Home

 

Single Lane Road

 

Coef.

SE

p

95% CI

 

Coef.

SE

p

95% CI

 Obesity

  Tertile 2

−0.753

0.125

< 0.001

−0.999

− 0.508

*

2.202

0.096

< 0.001

2.014

2.389

*

  Tertile 3

−2.535

0.127

< 0.001

−2.783

−2.286

*

3.378

0.110

< 0.001

3.162

3.594

*

  SEP

2.489

0.080

< 0.001

2.333

2.645

 

2.501

0.078

< 0.001

2.348

2.654

 

 Diabetes

  Tertile 2

−0.199

0.049

< 0.001

−0.295

−0.104

*

0.308

0.040

< 0.001

0.231

0.386

*

  Tertile 3

−0.437

0.051

< 0.001

−0.537

− 0.338

*

0.722

0.045

< 0.001

0.634

0.810

*

  SEP

1.694

0.036

< 0.001

1.623

1.766

 

1.703

0.036

< 0.001

1.632

1.774

 

 Physical Distress

  Tertile 2

0.001

0.052

0.979

−0.101

0.103

 

0.048

0.042

0.257

−0.035

0.131

 

  Tertile 3

−0.086

0.054

0.109

−0.191

0.019

 

0.269

0.048

< 0.001

0.175

0.362

*

  SEP

2.546

0.037

< 0.001

2.473

2.620

 

2.552

0.037

< 0.001

2.479

2.625

 

 Mental Distress

  Tertile 2

0.110

0.049

0.026

0.013

0.206

*

−0.129

0.039

0.001

−0.206

−0.052

 

  Tertile 3

0.096

0.050

0.057

−0.003

0.195

§

−0.079

0.044

0.076

−0.165

0.008

§

  SEP

2.229

0.033

< 0.001

2.165

2.294

 

2.228

0.033

< 0.001

2.163

2.292

 

 Physical Inactivity

  Tertile 2

−0.637

0.110

< 0.001

−0.853

− 0.421

*

0.767

0.095

< 0.001

0.581

0.953

 

  Tertile 3

−0.950

0.115

< 0.001

−1.175

−0.726

*

1.896

0.104

< 0.001

1.693

2.100

 

  SEP

4.558

0.078

< 0.001

4.405

4.711

 

4.599

0.078

< 0.001

4.447

4.751

 

 Binge Drinking

  Tertile 2

0.140

0.087

0.107

−0.030

0.311

 

−0.720

0.066

< 0.001

−0.850

− 0.590

*

  Tertile 3

1.189

0.087

< 0.001

1.019

1.359

*

−0.901

0.075

< 0.001

−1.048

−0.754

*

  SEP

−0.928

0.054

< 0.001

−1.034

−0.821

 

−0.890

0.054

< 0.001

−0.997

−0.784

 

Visible Wires

 

Coef.

SE

p

95% CI

       

 Obesity

  Tertile 2

0.191

0.125

0.127

−0.054

0.436

       

  Tertile 3

−0.415

0.120

0.001

−0.651

−0.180

*

      

  SEP

2.385

0.082

< 0.001

2.226

2.545

       

 Diabetes

  Tertile 2

0.218

0.047

< 0.001

0.127

0.309

*

      

  Tertile 3

0.514

0.046

< 0.001

0.423

0.605

*

      

  SEP

1.585

0.037

< 0.001

1.512

1.657

       

 Physical Distress

  Tertile 2

0.272

0.051

< 0.001

0.173

0.371

*

      

  Tertile 3

0.738

0.050

< 0.001

0.641

0.836

*

      

  SEP

2.423

0.038

< 0.001

2.349

2.496

       

 Mental Distress

  Tertile 2

0.171

0.049

0.001

0.074

0.267

*

      

  Tertile 3

0.471

0.047

< 0.001

0.379

0.564

*

      

  SEP

2.159

0.033

< 0.001

2.094

2.224

       

 Physical Inactivity

  Tertile 2

0.688

0.108

< 0.001

0.478

0.899

*

      

  Tertile 3

1.001

0.109

< 0.001

0.788

1.214

*

      

  SEP

4.356

0.079

< 0.001

4.201

4.510

       

 Binge Drinking

  Tertile 2

0.487

0.090

< 0.001

0.310

0.664

*

      

  Tertile 3

0.732

0.084

< 0.001

0.567

0.896

*

      

  SEP

−0.941

0.056

< 0.001

−1.050

−0.831

       
  1. *p < 0.05
  2. §p < 0.10
  3. SEP Composite economic factor for socioeconomic position