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Table 4 Association of participants’ characteristics with the adjusted odds of seropositive for HIV, HBV, and HCV among PWID in Dar-es-salaam

From: High prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viral infections among people who inject drugs: a potential stumbling block in the control of HIV and viral hepatitis in Tanzania

Variable

HIV

HCV

HBV

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Age > 39 yrs

1.04(0.59–1.82)

a

0.91(0.54–1.55)

a

0.48(0.17–1.33)

0.56(0.17–1.79)

Male Sex (Ref. Female)

0.59(0.29–1.74)

0.62(0.29–1.30)

0.70(0.38–1.29)

0.93(0.48–1.88)

1.70(0.60–4.84)

1.51(0.42–5.39)

Married Marital status (Ref. Unmarried)

2.13(1.20–3.78)

2.04(1.10–3.79)

1.34(0.78–2.31)

1.03(0.57–1.86)

0.62(0.21–1.83)

0.66(0.19–2.26)

High education level (Ref. Low level)

1.33(0.75–2.36)

a

0.91(0.53–1.58)

a

0.33(0.09–1.20)

0.31(0.08–1.25)

Employed (Ref: Unemployed)

1.03(0.52–2.05

a

0.79(0.41–1.54)

a

1.04(0.36–2.97)

a

Business (Ref: Unemployed)

0.65(0.33–1.29)

a

0.73(0.39–1.37)

a

b

a

Monthly Income>45USD

0.67(0.37–1.19)

0.58(0.32–1.06)

1.14(0.67–1.95)

a

0.71(0.25–1.98)

a

IDU > 3 years

1.49(0.83–2.69)

1.31(0.69–2.46)

2.13(1.89–3.81)

2.04(1.11–3.74)

2.60(0.96–7.06

2.42(0.72–8.12)

Injection > 3 times per day

1.12(0.55–2.27)

a

1.27(0.65–2.47)

a

0.43(0.15–1.22)

0.72(0.19–2.72)

Needle sharing

1.91(1.08–3.37)

1.75(0.92–3.29)

1.06(0.62–1.79)

0.76(0.41–1.39)

0.76(0.27–2.07)

0.70(0.21–2.35)

Use of condom

0.51(0.29–0.90)

0.76(0.39–1.48)

0.45(0.26–0.77)

0.42(0.22–0.79)

1.55(0.57–4.22)

1.26(0.34–4.71)

  1. Key: AOR Adjusted odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, COR Crude odds ratio, Ref Reference
  2. aNot included in multivariable models
  3. bExncluded from multivariable medole because of zero observation in one cell