Table 1 Prevalence, univariate odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential predictors of falling

Total

Gender

 Male

Reference

–

 Female

1.51^*

1.35–1.69(< 0.01)

Age

 65–75 years old

Reference

–

  ≥ 75 years old

1.40^*

1.26–1.57(< 0.01)

Area

 Non-urbanized

Reference

–

 Urbanized

0.94

0.82–1.07 (0.34)

Education

 Not high

Reference

–

 High

0.58^*

0.49–0.70(< 0.01)

Living alone

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.33^*

1.13–1.56(< 0.01)

Marital status

 Married

Reference

–

 Single or others

1.43^*

1.28–1.59(< 0.01)

Working status

 Working

Reference

–

 Retired or others

1.53^*

1.29–1.81(< 0.01)

Income

  ≥ 30,000

Reference

–

  < 30,000

1.15^*

1.03–1.29 (0.01)

Diabetes

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.38^*

1.21–1.57(< 0.01)

Hyperlipidemia

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.17^*

1.03–1.32 (0.02)

Asthma

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.28^*

1.03–1.60 (0.03)

Cardiovascular disease

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.51^*

1.32–1.72(< 0.01)

Osteoporosis

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.61^*

1.42–1.82(< 0.01)

Psycho disease

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.36^*

1.002–1.85 (0.04)

Epilepsy

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

2.73^*

1.18–6.31 (0.02)

Parkinson’s disease

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

2.04^*

1.46–2.85(< 0.01)

Dementia

 No^a

Reference

–

 Yes

2.46^*

1.95–3.11(< 0.01)

Osteoarthritis

 No^a

Reference

–

 Yes

1.58^*

1.36–1.83(< 0.01)

Urinary incontinence

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.84^*

1.63–2.08(< 0.01)

Hypertension

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.29^*

1.16–1.44(< 0.01)

Visual impairment

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.13

0.98–1.30 (0.11)

Hearing impairment

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.47^*

1.30–1.67(< 0.01)

Paralysis of limbs

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.71^*

1.44–2.03(< 0.01)

Self-report health status

 Health

Reference

–

 poor

2.02^*

1.79–2.28(< 0.01)

Pain

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

2.15^*

1.92–2.41(< 0.01)

Hospital visit in the past year

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

2.63^*

2.34–2.95(< 0.01)

BMI

  > 24

Reference

–

  ≤ 24

0.90

0.81–1.02 (0.09)

ADLs

  < 3 activities

Reference

–

  ≥ 3 activities

2.29^*

1.97–2.67(< 0.01)

IADLs

 Good

Reference

–

 Poor

2.21^*

1.98–2.47(< 0.01)

Mobility

 Good

Reference

–

 Poor

2.76^*

2.45–3.11(< 0.01)

Regular exercise

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

0.70^*

0.55–0.89(< 0.01)

Alcohol consumer

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

0.65^*

0.55–0.78(< 0.01)

Current smoker

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

0.72^*

0.61–0.86(< 0.01)

Betel nut chewing

 No

Reference

–

 Yes

1.19

0.89–1.58 (0.24)