Table 4 Estimated influences of total government expenditures and expenditures for suicide prevention programs on suicide rates by sex and age between 2001 and 2014 in 47 prefectures of Japan

Log of government expenditures per capita

− 0.018

−0.242

0.075

0.186

−0.201

− 0.047

(−0.185–0.149)

(−0.426 - -0.059)

(− 0.076–0.227)

(−0.295–0.667)

(−0.384 - -0.019)

(− 0.318–0.224)

Log of government expenditures per capita

−0.001

0.003

0.006

−0.002

0.006

−0.004

for suicide prevention programs

(−0.006–0.004)

(−0.001–0.008)

(0.001–0.010)

(−0.010–0.005)

(0.001–0.011)

(−0.012–0.004)

Unemployment rate

0.014

0.023

0.061

−0.057

−0.008

− 0.008

(−0.039–0.068)

(−0.017–0.062)

(0.019–0.103)

(−0.110 - -0.004)

(− 0.079–0.064)

(−0.081–0.065)

Log of income per capita

−0.268

− 0.168

−0.100

− 0.186

−0.228

0.598

(−0.991–0.456)

(−0.665–0.328)

(−0.618–0.418)

(− 1.251–0.878)

(− 1.140–0.685)

(− 0.069–1.266)

Fiscal strength index

−0.033

0.053

0.134

−0.528

−0.028

− 0.415

(−0.338–0.272)

(−0.286–0.392)

(−0.119–0.387)

(−1.264–0.207)

(−0.473–0.417)

(−1.104–0.273)

Log of population size

1.251

3.776

2.475

10.237

1.562

1.655

(−4.237–6.740)

(−0.011–7.563)

(−1.995–6.945)

(−0.742–21.216)

(−5.239–8.362)

(−2.831–6.140)

Percent under 14

0.149

−0.045

− 0.095

0.170

− 0.005

−0.233

(−0.061–0.360)

(−0.185–0.094)

(−0.289–0.099)

(−0.161–0.501)

(−0.245–0.234)

(−0.437 - -0.028)

Percent over 65

0.153

0.046

0.019

0.048

−0.021

0.045

(−0.012–0.318)

(−0.084–0.175)

(−0.103–0.141)

(−0.177–0.274)

(−0.214–0.172)

(−0.098–0.187)

Prefecture fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Prefecture-specific liner trend

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N of observations

658

658

658

658

658

658

R squared

0.342

0.825

0.407

0.262

0.270

0.448