Table 3 Risk factors associated with Acute Diarrheal Disease outbreak in Pedda-Gujjula-Thanda tribal village, 2017 (n = 512)
Risk Factor | Attack rate Exposed | Attack rate Non-exposed | RR (95% CI) | MLR analysis* Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Consumption of bore-well water source (vs canned water) | 190/480 (40%) | 1/32 (3%) | 12.7 (1.8–87.4) | Excluded‡ |
Consumption of shallow-downhill bore-well water (vs all other drinking water sources) † | 149/224 (67%) | 42/288 (15%) | 4.6 (3.4–6.1) | 7.9 (4.7–13.2) |
Report of visible contaminants like mud in drinking water | 65/94 (69%) | 126/418 (30%) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 4.0 (2.1–7.6) |
Practice of open defecation | 186/484 (38%) | 5/28 (18%) | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) | Excluded§ |
Illiteracy¶ | 131/252 (52%) | 52/188 (28%) | 1.9 (1.4–2.4) | 3.6 (3.6–10.1) |
Kutcha house type | 174/457 (38%) | 17/55 (31%) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | Excluded§ |
Housefly menace (Flies sighted in the house during the minimum 15 min-visit) | 39/95 (41%) | 152/417 (36) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | Excluded§ |
Recent accumulation of water in or around house | 73/182 (40%) | 118/330 (36) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | Excluded§ |
Use of narrow mouth container for household water storage | 29/80 (36%) | 162/432 (38%) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | Excluded§ |
Deep bore-wells (vs all other drinking water sources) † | 6/38 (16%) | 185/474 (39%) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | Excluded‖ |
Household water treatment | 24/154 (16%) | 167/358 (47%) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
Good hand-washing practice | 11/101 (11%) | 180/411 (44%) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) |