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Table 4 QoL influencing factors among male older adults

From: Gender differences in quality of life among community-dwelling older adults in low- and middle-income countries: results from the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

 

Total

China

India

Russia

South Africa

Ghana

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

Country (Ref: China)

 India

−0.44 (0.45)

     

 Russia

−0.93 (0.33)

     

 South Africa

−4.46 (0.41)

     

 Ghana

−5.25 (0.40)

     

Age group (Ref: 50–59)

 60–69

0.26 (0.20)

0.57 (0.32)

−0.87 (0.39)*

1.79 (0.70)*

1.07 (0.58)

−0.19 (0.51)

 70–79

1.08 (0.24)

1.86 (0.38)

−1.11 (0.50)*

3.53 (0.87)

3.34 (0.76)†

−0.26 (0.62)

 80 and above

2.33 (0.40)

4.36 (0.66)

0.05 (0.86)

8.66 (1.41)

2.06 (1.13)

−1.00 (0.84)

Education (Ref: Less than primary)

 Primary only

−0.19 (0.25)

0.04 (0.36)

−0.61 (0.48)

1.52 (2.82)

−0.96 (0.79)

−0.08 (0.68)

 Secondary only

−0.06 (0.27)

−0.03 (0.39)

− 0.95 (0.53)

1.50 (2.72)

1.00 (0.93)

1.58 (0.94)

 High school only

−0.14 (0.28)

−0.40 (0.46)

− 0.04 (0.59)

2.72 (2.69)

0.96 (1.18)

−1.01 (0.58)

 College and above

0.51 (0.37)

0.27 (0.61)

0.97 (0.75)

2.03 (2.75)

1.57 (1.23)

0.62 (1.05)

Health insurance

0.28 (0.26)

0.17 (0.44)

−0.95 (0.73)

0.97 (3.95)

0.38 (0.66)

0.72 (0.45)

Income

4.88 (0.23)

4.74 (0.36)

3.76 (0.49)

3.19 (0.81)

5.82 (0.72)

6.35 (0.64)

Living environment

0.73 (0.12)

1.10 (0.21)

0.81 (0.20)

1.51 (0.63)*

1.43 (0.36)

−0.62 (0.30)*

Cognitive function

0.97 (0.11)

0.78 (0.16)

1.18 (0.27)

0.82 (0.34)*

1.07 (0.31)

1.27 (0.29)

Physical function

−0.36 (0.01)

− 0.41 (0.02)

− 0.32 (0.01)

−0.42 (0.03)

− 0.33 (0.02)

−0.37 (0.02)

Arthritis

−2.46 (0.22)

−3.41 (0.34)

−1.84 (0.47)

−2.23 (0.68)

− 1.09 (0.69)

− 1.92 (0.69)

Hypertension

0.02 (0.17)

0.09 (0.27)

0.30 (0.37)

−1.68 (0.57)

0.45 (0.54)

0.42 (0.42)

Diabetes

−2.08 (0.35)

−2.91 (0.56)

−1.19 (0.64)

− 2.66 (1.23)*

− 1.45 (0.92)

−2.42 (1.16)*

Married

0.46 (0.27)

1.19 (0.52)*

−1.14 (0.53)*

0.40 (1.12)

0.53 (0.63)

1.16 (0.62)

Family support

−0.02 (0.20)

0.28 (0.30)

−0.24 (0.39)

−1.33 (0.78)

1.07 (0.79)

0.05 (0.47)

Community support

−0.76 (0.46)

−2.47 (1.01)*

−1.03 (0.60)

3.21 (2.22)

3.87 (2.10)

−0.54 (1.32)

Social cohesion index

0.22 (0.02)†

0.28 (0.04)

0.32 (0.04)†

0.37 (0.08)†

0.04 (0.05)

0.15 (0.03)

Living arrangements

0.61 (0.35)

1.27 (0.58)*

−2.55 (2.09)

0.21 (1.25)

1.21 (0.78)

1.95 (0.75)

  1. Note. * < 0.05;  < 0.01