Table 2 QoL influencing factors among older adults in five LMICs

 India

−3.42 (0.18)^†

−6.69 (0.33)^†

0.62 (0.31)^*

−0.03 (0.31)

 Russia

−3.36 (0.22)^†

−5.34 (0.24)^†

− 0.97 (0.22)^†

−1.15 (0.22)^†

 South Africa

−3.71 (0.23)^†

−6.63 (0.29)^†

−2.55 (0.26)^†

−3.70 (0.28)^†

 Ghana

−6.66 (0.21)^†

−7.64 (0.27)^†

−3.44 (0.25)^†

−5.40 (0.28)^†

 60–69

−1.93 (0.16)^†

− 1.32 (0.16)^†

0.42 (0.14)^†

0.55 (0.14)^†

 70–79

−4.06 (0.18)^†

−3.02 (0.18)^†

1.00 (0.16)^†

1.28 (0.17)^†

 80 and above

−7.49 (0.29)^†

−5.96 (0.28)^†

1.56 (0.26)^†

2.14 (0.27)^†

Female

−2.34 (0.14)^†

−1.80 (0.13)^†

−0.44 (0.12)^†

− 0.03 (0.13)

 Primary only

0.43 (0.20)^*

−0.21 (0.18)

−0.21 (0.17)

 Secondary only

1.08 (0.21)^†

−0.09 (0.19)

− 0.07 (0.19)

 High school only

2.27 (0.23)^†

−0.05 (0.21)

−0.08 (0.21)

 College and above

4.22 (0.31)^†

0.87 (0.28)^†

0.68 (0.28)^*

Health insurance

0.75 (0.21)^†

0.57 (0.19)^†

0.47 (0.19)^*

Income

6.41 (0.18)^†

5.16 (0.16)^†

5.06 (0.16)^†

Living environment

0.57 (0.09)^†

0.56 (0.08)^†

0.64 (0.08)^†

Cognitive function

1.02 (0.08)^†

0.89 (0.08)^†

Physical function

−0.36 (0.00)^†

−0.35 (0.00)^†

Arthritis

−2.32 (0.15)^†

− 2.39 (0.14)^†

Hypertension

0.02 (0.12)

−0.01 (0.12)

Diabetes

−2.35 (0.23)^†

−2.31 (0.23)^†

Married

1.05 (0.16)^†

Family support

0.09 (0.13)

Community support

−0.52 (0.31)

Social cohesion index

0.23 (0.01)^†

Living arrangements

1.23 (0.21)^†