Maternal depression in rural Pakistan: the protective associations with cultural postpartum practices

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Demographic, chilla, and depression characteristics, Bachpan cohort, Pakistan^a

	Mean or N	SD or %	Min	Max
Demographic Characteristics (N = 823)
Maternal Age	26.62	4.43	18	40
Maternal Education
None	111	12.23
Primary (1–5)	159	17.46
Middle (6–8)	157	18.94
Secondary (9, 10)	209	25.96
Higher Secondary (11, 12)	84	10.92
Tertiary (> 12)	103	14.50
Parity
First Pregnancy	238	30.60
One or more children	585	69.40
SES Quintiles
Lowest	153	15.99
Lower Middle	163	18.56
Middle	171	21.13
Upper Middle	165	21.64
Highest	171	22.68
Mother-in-law
Yes	557	68.56
People in Room	2.37	1.73	0	23
MSPSS 3 month	4.74	1.15	1	7
Chilla Characteristics (N = 729)
Chilla
Yes	729	89.44
Duration
1–7	71	9.06
8–14	78	9.58
15–20	120	15.79
21–25	38	4.89
26–30	53	7.01
31–35	30	4.25
36–40	339	49.42
Chores
Yes	620	85.30
Female Support
Yes	686	94.66
Diet
Yes	679	93.84
Satisfaction
Yes	602	84.79
Depression Characteristics (N = 823)
SCID (Baseline)	405	37.54
SCID (Six months)	217	23.06
PHQ-9 (Baseline)	8.73	6.68	0	27
PHQ-9 (6 months)	4.70	5.44	0	27

^a Percentages are based on weighted data to account for the sampling design in which 1 in every 3 non-depressed pregnant women were eligible for study inclusion; Abbreviations: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Socioeconomic Status (SES), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)

ISSN: 1471-2458