From: Store and neighborhood differences in retailer compliance with a local staple foods ordinance
Compliance Outcome | Neighborhood Characteristic | Pre-policy (2014) Mean (SE) | Implementation only (2015) Mean (SE) | Early initiation of enforcement (2016) Mean (SE) | Continued monitoring (2017) Mean (SE) | Overall Effect (time-by-characteristic) p (dfā=ā3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Met at least 8 of 10 ordinance standards (% of stores) | Lower SES | 26.9 (8.7) | 48.2 (9.6) | 42.3 (9.7) | 44.0 (9.9) | 0.23 |
Higher SES | 23.5 (5.9) | 37.3 (6.8) | 25.5 (6.1) | 54.4 (7.3) | Ā | |
Low-income/low-access | 26.1 (9.2) | 59.1 (10.5) | 35.0 (10.7) | 47.1 (12.1) | 0.15 | |
Not low-income/low-access | 24.1 (5.8) | 33.9 (6.3) | 29.8 (6.1) | 51.9 (6.8) | Ā | |
10 point scale (0ā10; 1 point for each category where standard met) | Lower SES | 5.9 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.8 (0.4) | 6.7 (0.4) | 0.12 |
Higher SES | 5.5 (0.4) | 6.3 (0.3) | 6.5 (0.3) | 7.4 (0.3) | Ā | |
Low-income/low-access | 5.4 (0.6) | 7.4 (0.5) | 6.6 (0.6) | 7.2 (0.5) | 0.002 | |
Not low-income/low-access | 5.7 (0.3) | 6.1 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.3) | 7.2 (0.3) | Ā | |
p-net | Ā | 0.001 | 0.65 | 0.70 | Ā | |
Any food in each of 10 categories (% of stores) | Lower SES | 30.8 (9.1) | 44.4 (9.6) | 57.7 (9.7) | 72.0 (9.0) | 0.82 |
Higher SES | 25.5 (6.1) | 35.3 (6.7) | 47.1 (7.0) | 76.1 (6.3) | Ā | |
Low-income/low-access | 30.4 (9.6) | 45.5 (10.6) | 40.0 (11.0) | 82.4 (9.2) | 0.05 | |
Not low-income/low-access | 25.9 (6.0) | 35.7 (6.4) | 54.4 (6.6) | 72.2 (6.1) | Ā | |
p-net | Ā | 0.73 | 0.09 | 0.65 | Ā |