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Table 3 Compliance by store characteristics (Minneapolis only)

From: Store and neighborhood differences in retailer compliance with a local staple foods ordinance

Compliance Outcome

Store characteristic

Pre-policy (2014) Mean (SE)

Implementation only (2015) Mean (SE)

Early initiation of enforcement (2016) Mean (SE)

Continued monitoring (2017) Mean (SE)

Overall Effect (time-by-characteristic)

p (dfā€‰=ā€‰3)

Met at least 8 of 10 ordinance standards (% of stores)

Larger size (3+ registers)

8.3 (5.6)

21.4 (7.8)

17.9 (7.2)

53.6 (9.4)

0.08

Smaller size (1ā€“2 registers)

32.1 (6.4)

52.0 (7.1)

38.8 (7.0)

48.8 (7.6)

Ā 

Corporate

5.7 (3.9)

18.0 (6.1)

20.5 (6.5)

57.9 (8.0)

<.0001

Independent

40.5 (7.6)

64.1 (7.7)

42.1 (8.0)

42.4 (8.6)

Ā 

p-net

Ā 

0.66

0.09

0.0002

Ā 

10 point scale (0ā€“10; 1 point for each category where standard met)

Larger size (3+ registers)

5.4 (0.3)

5.5 (0.4)

6.4 (0.3)

7.3 (0.3)

0.03

Smaller size (1ā€“2 registers)

5.7 (0.4)

7.0 (0.4)

6.7 (0.3)

7.1 (0.3)

Ā 

p-net

Ā 

0.03

0.94

0.43

Ā 

Corporate

5.0 (0.3)

5.5 (0.3)

6.4 (0.3)

7.3 (0.3)

0.0008

Independent

6.1 (0.5)

7.4 (0.4)

6.8 (0.4)

7.0 (0.4)

Ā 

p-net

Ā 

0.08

0.16

0.01

Ā 

Have any food in each of 10 categories (% of stores)

Larger size (3+ registers)

8.3 (5.6)

17.9 (7.2)

35.7 (9.1)

78.6 (7.8)

0.08

Smaller size (1ā€“2 registers)

35.9 (6.6)

50.0 (7.1)

59.2 (7.0)

72.1 (6.8)

Ā 

Corporate

8.6 (4.7)

10.3 (4.9)

38.5 (7.8)

76.3 (6.9)

0.002

Independent

42.9 (7.6)

66.7 (7.5)

63.2 (7.8)

72.7 (7.8)

Ā 

p-net

Ā 

0.25

0.12

0.006

Ā 
  1. Note: All models adjusted for repeated measures over time; p-net values refer to changes in time-by-characteristic effect from pre-policy to implementation only, from pre-policy to early initiation of enforcement, from pre-policy to continued monitoring respectively; bolded values: pā€‰ā‰¤ā€‰.05