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Table 1 Prevalence of childhood stunting by selected variables, Rwanda DHS 2000–2015

From: Trends in burden and risk factors associated with childhood stunting in Rwanda from 2000 to 2015: policy and program implications

 

Year 2000

Year 2005

Year 2010

Year 2015

%

95%CI

N

P-value

%

95%CI

N

P-value

%

95%CI

N

P-value

%

95%CI

N

P-value

Overall

47.4

[45.7,49.1]

6287

 

51.9

[50.0,53.9]

3765

 

44.0

[42.1,45.9]

4076

 

38.3

[36.4,40.2]

3538

 

Child age (in months)

 0–11

22.8

[20.5,25.4]

1592

0.000

26.2

[23.1,29.5]

847

0.000

20.5

[17.7,23.6]

777

0.000

18.2

[15.3,21.5]

760

0.000

 5–23

51.1

[48.0,54.2]

1233

 

57.7

[54.0,61.3]

786

 

49.8

[46.0,53.6]

786

 

47.9

[44.3,51.5]

731

 

 24–35

58.9

[55.4,62.3]

1106

 

61.9

[58.1,65.5]

848

 

51.3

[47.8,54.9]

874

 

45.1

[41.5,48.7]

742

 

 36–47

56.7

[53.2,60.1]

1142

 

59.6

[55.6,63.4]

637

 

50.9

[47.5,54.3]

823

 

43.5

[39.7,47.4]

743

 

 48–59

56.7

[53.7,59.8]

1214

 

57.7

[53.4,61.8]

647

 

45.9

[42.3,49.6]

816

 

37.0

[33.0,41.3]

562

 

Sex

 Girls

44.9

[42.9,47.0]

3140

0.000

50.4

[47.9,52.9]

1912

0.094

40.7

[38.2,43.2]

2023

0.000

33.9

[31.5,36.5]

1732

0.000

 Boys

49.8

[47.6,52.0]

3147

 

53.5

[50.8,56.3]

1853

 

47.3

[44.9,49.6]

2053

 

42.5

[40.0,45.1]

1806

 

Birth weight

  ≥ 2.5 kg

37.2

[34.3,40.1]

1845

0.014

42.8

[39.3,46.2]

1146

0.007

39.8

[37.6,42.0]

2666

0.000

36.4

[34.5,38.3]

3119

0.000

  <  2.5 kg (low)

50.0

[40.0,60.0]

136

 

63.3

[48.6,75.9]

52

 

59.3

[51.0,67.1]

149

 

55.7

[47.8,63.3]

172

 

Maternal Age

  <  25

44.0

[40.7,47.2]

1248

0.006

48.4

[44.3,52.6]

674

0.201

39.7

[35.9,43.7]

729

0.002

34.9

[31.2,38.9]

666

0.338

 25–34

46.6

[44.2,49.0]

3114

 

52.4

[49.8,55.1]

1950

 

43.0

[40.6,45.4]

2198

 

38.8

[36.4,41.3]

2000

 

 35–39

48.6

[44.9,52.4]

1069

 

54.6

[50.1,58.9]

597

 

47.6

[43.2,52.0]

653

 

39.7

[34.8,44.8]

549

 

 40–49

53.2

[49.4,57.0]

856

 

51.8

[47.5,56.0]

544

 

50.0

[45.2,54.9]

496

 

39.8

[34.2,45.6]

323

 

Maternal education

 No education

52.5

[50.0,55.0]

1978

0.000

56.3

[52.7,59.8]

1008

0.000

50.7

[46.9,54.4]

772

0.000

47.4

[42.7,52.0]

496

0.000

 Primary

47.5

[45.4,49.5]

3481

 

51.7

[49.4,54.0]

2400

 

44.7

[42.5,46.8]

2924

 

39.6

[37.5,41.8]

2546

 

 Secondary+

31.0

[27.3,35.1]

828

 

39.7

[33.4,46.5]

357

 

23.1

[18.6,28.4]

380

 

20.7

[16.9,25.2]

496

 

Maternal smoking history

 No

46.9

[45.2,48.6]

5967

0.004

51.6

[49.6,53.6]

3647

0.036

43.7

[41.8,45.6]

4027

0.001

38.0

[36.2, 40.0]

3494

0.000

 Yes

55.2

[50.0,60.3]

320

 

62.4

[52.5,71.4]

118

 

68.4

[53.3,80.5]

49

 

58.2

[42.4,72.5]

44

 

Residence

 Urban

33.5

[29.5,37.9]

1403

0.000

38.3

[34.1,42.8]

744

0.000

27.1

[22.3,32.5]

546

0.000

25.9

[21.9,30.3]

768

0.000

 Rural

49.8

[48.1,51.6]

4884

 

54.1

[52.0,56.2]

3021

 

46.2

[44.2,48.2]

3530

 

40.8

[38.7,42.9]

2770

 

Birth order and preceding birth interval

 First

46.3

[43.0,49.5]

1221

0.036

50.2

[45.8,54.5]

630

0.007

36.4

[33.1,39.8]

1000

0.000

34.9

[31.8,38.1]

978

0.014

 2–3 and < 24 months

48.7

[44.6,52.9]

706

 

54.7

[48.9,60.3]

374

 

42.8

[37.8,48.0]

415

 

40.0

[33.7,46.6]

262

 

 2–3 and > 24 months

43.7

[40.7,46.7]

1456

 

51.2

[47.5,54.8]

873

 

45.9

[42.8,49.1]

962

 

36.9

[33.9,40.0]

1174

 

 4+ and < 24 months

48.6

[44.4,52.9]

634

 

60.3

[54.9,65.4]

451

 

51.6

[45.8,57.4]

324

 

45.8

[36.8,55.0]

154

 

 4+ and > 24 months

49.4

[47.0,51.8]

2270

 

50.0

[47.2,52.7]

1437

 

46.7

[43.8,49.6]

1375

 

41.7

[38.4,45.0]

970

 

Wealth index

 Highest

29.3

[26.2,32.5]

1252

0.000

36.6

[32.4,40.9]

719

0.000

25.5

[22.0,29.3]

708

0.000

21.6

[17.9,25.9]

672

0.000

 Fourth

48.7

[45.3,52.0]

1218

 

51.4

[47.1,55.7]

791

 

39.5

[35.9,43.2]

776

 

29.9

[26.1,34.0]

597

 

 Middle

49.9

[46.6,53.1]

943

 

52.1

[48.3,55.8]

752

 

45.7

[41.6,49.9]

809

 

38.4

[34.4,42.5]

660

 

 Second

51.1

[47.7,54.4]

1093

 

55.3

[51.3,59.3]

765

 

50.6

[47.0,54.2]

890

 

46.0

[42.4,49.8]

744

 

 Lowest

51.4

[48.6,54.1]

1781

 

61.1

[57.4,64.8]

738

 

53.2

[49.4,57.0]

893

 

48.3

[45.0,51.8]

865